An optical fiber with circular cross-section has refractive index 1.45. Its surrounded by a cladding with refractive index 1.43. find the maximum angle relative to the fiber axis at which light can propagate down the fiber by undergoing successive total internal reflections. find the speed of light in the fiber. for the angle you found in part (a), find the speed at which light actually makes its way along the fiber- that is, the length of fiber that the light traverses per unit time.

The amount of force required to stop an object, based on the forces of inertia and momentum, varies according to speed, weight, and the distance between impact and stop.

Inertia is the tendency of an object to remain in motion unless acted upon by an outside force, while momentum is the product of an object's mass and velocity. The amount of force required to stop an object is proportional to its mass, velocity, and the distance it needs to travel before it comes to a stop. The greater the mass, velocity, and distance, the more force is required to stop the object.

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Without the prescribed contact lens, person cannot see objects clearly beyond point. The contact lens helps correct vision, person to see distant objects clearly.

(a) The near point of an eye for which a contact lens with a power of +2.95 diopters is prescribed can be calculated using the formula: D = 1/f. Where D is the diopters and f is the focal length in meters. For a +2.95 diopter lens, f = 1/2.95 = 0.33898 meters or 33.9 cm. This means the near point for this eye is 33.9 cm from the contact lens, which is the distance at which the person can focus on nearby objects with the help of the prescribed contact lens.

(b) The far point of an eye for which a contact lens with a power of -1.60 diopters is prescribed for distant vision can also be determined using the D = 1/f formula. For a -1.60 diopter lens, f = 1/-1.60 = -0.625 meters or -62.5 cm. However, since the focal length is negative, it indicates that the person has myopia (nearsightedness), and the far point is a virtual point. The far point for this eye is at a virtual distance of 62.5 cm behind the eye.

Finding the equivalent focal length of the two lenses—a 10 d and a 15 d—will help us determine the combination's refractive power. The following formula can be used to determine the equivalent focal length of two lenses in contact:

1/f = 1/f1 + 1/f2

Where the focal lengths of the different lenses are f1 and f2. When we substitute the values for the two lenses' focal lengths, we obtain: 1/f = 1/10 + 1/15.

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The change of kinetic energy is -156.7 joules.

\(V1_{i}\) =15

\(V2_{i}\)= -13.5(as towards left)

V= common velocity during collision

On applying momentum conservation during the collision

\(m_{1}V1_{i} + m_{2}V2_{i} = V ( m_{1} + m_{2})\)

\(0.650 \ 15 + 0.950 \ (-13.5) = (0.625 + 0.950) \ V\)

    \(\frac{3.075}{1.6}\) =V

V= -1.92 m/s        

To kind change in kinetic energy we will subtract final and initial kinetic energy

ΔK=\(\frac{1\ (m_{1} + m_{2} ) \ V}{2} ^{2}\) - \(\frac{1\ (m_{1} ) \ V1_{i} }{2} ^{2}\)  -  \(\frac{1\ (m_{2} ) \ V2_{i} }{2} ^{2}\)

ΔK= \(\frac{1\ (0.625 + 0.950 ) \ (-13.5)}{2} ^{2}\) -  \(\frac{1\ (0.625 ) \ 15 }{2} ^{2}\)-  \(\frac{1\ (0.950 ) \ 13.5 }{2} ^{2}\)

ΔK=   = - 156.7 J

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Answer:

Who was Alfred Wegener:  He was a German meteorologist and geophysicist

What did he theorize: he theorized continental drift and he also explained how all 7 continents were once together( aka Pangaea) on earth over millions of years ago.

Hope this helped a little!

Answer:

maybe a. what you think . about that

Answer:

60kg

Explanation:

F= ma

96 = m ×1.6

m= 96/1.6

=60 kg

Answer:

There are two main ways to determine the age of a rock, these are Relative dating and Absolute dating. Relative dating is used to determine the relative order of past events by comparing the age of one object to another.

Explanation:

Explanation:

rock and fossils are made by layers of dirt, sand,organic matter that has beem compressed over thousands,if not millions of years.

some scientists use this layering to determine how old the earth is.

its kind of like looking at the rings of a tree to see how old it is.

the scientists look at each layer of the rock or fossil and use what they already know about when this type of soil or organic matter existed and try to piece together the past

The chemist's guide or encyclopedia is another name for the periodic table.

Periodic table is a tabular arrangement of elements in the form of a table. In the periodic table, elements are arranged according to the modern periodic law which states that the properties of elements are a periodic function of their atomic numbers.

It is called as periodic because properties repeat after regular intervals of atomic numbers . It is a tabular arrangement consisting of seven horizontal rows called periods and eighteen vertical columns called groups.

Elements present in the same group have same number of valence electrons and hence have similar properties while elements present in the same period show gradual variation in properties due to addition of one electron for each successive element in a period.

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Answer:

Velocity (v) is a vector quantity that measures displacement (or change in position, Δs) over the change in time (Δt), represented by the equation v = Δs/Δt. Speed (or rate, r) is a scalar quantity that measures the distance traveled (d) over the change in time (Δt), represented by the equation r = d/Δt.

Explanation:

The formula for speed is speed = distance ÷ time.

Answer:

20m/second

Explanation:

The reason the answer is 20m/second is because to find the speed of the ball  in this question you have to divide the distance over the time giving you the result of 20m/second

The process that would be needed to get 14N as answer is exertion of force.

Force is a physical quantity that denotes ability to push, pull, twist or accelerate a body.

Force is an influence that causes the motion of an object with mass to change its velocity, i.e. to accelerate. It can be calculated by multiplying the mass of the object by its acceleration.

Force can be a push or a pull, always with magnitude and direction, making it a vector quantity.

According to this question, the following expression was given: 14N = 3.5 kg × 4 m/sec². In this expression,

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NADH carries the electrons from NADH dehydrogenase to cytochrome c reductase.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and hydrogen (H) are two molecules that naturally occur in the body and are involved in the chemical reaction that produces energy. Supplements containing NADH are used medically.

NADH is used to treat dementia and Alzheimer's disease as well as to enhance mental clarity, alertness, attention, and memory. NADH is utilized to treat chronic fatigue syndrome and enhance athletic performance due to its function in energy production (CFS).

Our bodies' production of NADH is involved in the body's process of generating energy. While there is some data that supports NADH supplements may lower cholesterol, lower blood pressure, aid in the treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome by supplying energy, and improve Parkinson's disease patients' nerve signals.

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NADH carries the electrons from NADH dehydrogenase to cytochrome c reductase.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and hydrogen (H) are two molecules that naturally occur in the body and are involved in the chemical reaction that produces energy. Supplements containing NADH are used medically.

NADH is used to treat dementia and Alzheimer's disease as well as to enhance mental clarity, alertness, attention, and memory. NADH is utilized to treat chronic fatigue syndrome and enhance athletic performance due to its function in energy production (CFS).

Our bodies' production of NADH is involved in the body's process of generating energy. While there is some data that supports NADH supplements may lower cholesterol, lower blood pressure, aid in the treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome by supplying energy, and improve Parkinson's disease patients' nerve signals.

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Answer: The Energy Change

Explanation: change for a chemical reaction can either be exothermic if it gives off heat or endothermic if it requires heat to proceed.  in a chemical reaction is due to the difference in the amounts of stored chemical energy between the products and the reactants. This stored chemical energy, or heat content, of the system is known as its enthalpy. energy changes that occur during a chemical reaction can be shown in a diagram called a potential energy diagram, or sometimes called a reaction progress curve. A potential energy diagram shows the change in potential energy of a system as reactants are converted into products.

This expression gives the burning surface area A of one motor segment in terms of r1, r2, and w.

To find an expression for the burning surface area (A) of one motor segment, considering that both ends and the inner bore of the cylinder burn, we will use the terms r1, r2, and w.

The surface area A can be calculated as the sum of the areas of the two ends and the inner bore. The two ends have circular shapes, while the inner bore has a cylindrical shape.

For the ends, we have two circles with radii r1 and r2. The area of a circle is given by the formula A = πr². So, the total area of the two ends is:

A_ends = πr1² + πr2²

For the inner bore, we have a cylinder with radius r1 and height w. The lateral surface area of a cylinder is given by the formula A = 2πrh. So, the area of the inner bore is:

A_bore = 2πr1w

Now, we can find the total burning surface area A by adding the areas of the two ends and the inner bore:

A = A_ends + A_bore
A = (πr1² + πr2²) + 2πr1w

This expression gives the burning surface area A of one motor segment in terms of r1, r2, and w.

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The acceleration of the beach ball would be 60 m/s² when the same force acts on it.

Given: Mass of soccer ball, m = 2.5kg

Acceleration of soccer ball, a = 1.2 m/s²

Mass of a beach ball, m1 = 0.05 kg

To find:

Acceleration of beach ball, a1

Formula:F = ma (Newton's second law of motion)

Acceleration of the beach ball will be: Substitute the given values in the above equation:

F = ma => a = F/m … equation (1)

Let's use equation (1) to find the acceleration of the beach ball;

F = ma, here F is the same force acting on the beach ball and soccer ball

a1 = F/m1 = F/0.05 kg

Now, let's find the force F using the relation between acceleration, mass, and force of the soccer ball.

F = ma= 2.5 kg x 1.2 m/s²= 3 N

Putting the value of F in the above equation: F = ma => a1 = F/m1= 3 N / 0.05 kg= 60 m/s²

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Answer:

5

Explanation:

20 x  5 = 100

The change  in momentum is 435.6 Kgm/s

Newton's second law of motion states that the rate of change of momentum of an object is directly proportional to the force applied, and the change in momentum takes place in the direction of the applied force.

The mathematical expression of Newton's second law is as follows:

F = dp/dt

where F is the force applied on the object, p is the momentum of the object, and t is time. dp/dt represents the rate of change of momentum over time.

From this equation, we can see that the change in momentum (Δp) of an object due to a force is equal to the product of the force (F) and the time (Δt) over which the force is applied:

Δp = F Δt

From Newton's law;

Ft = mv - mu

Where mv - mu = Δp or change in momentum

Then;

Ft = 48.4 * 9 = 435.6 Kgm/s

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Answer:

His deceleration is \(-4.857\)  \(m/s^{2}\).

Explanation:

The formula for acceleration is

\(a=\frac{v_{f}-v_{o} }{t}\)

We are given \(v_{f}\), \(v_{o}\), and \(t\).

Lets solve for \(a\).

\(a=\frac{0-34}{7}\)

\(a=\frac{-34}{7}\)

\(a=-4.857\)

Answer:

\( \underline{\boxed{B : C:D:E}}\)

Explanation:

\( \underline{ \boxed{ B}} : \to \\ (the \: surface \: exacts \: a \: force\: normal \: (at \: 90 \degree) \: on \:\to A) \\ \underline{ \boxed{C }}: \to \\ (dynamic \: friction \: force \: acts \to \: on \: A \: as \: it \: slides) \\ \underline{ \boxed{D }} : \to \\ (an \: anti - upward \: force \: acts \: on \to \:A \: preventing \: it \: from \: floating ) \\ \underline{ \boxed{ E }} : \to \\ (the \: weight \: of \: B \: \: is \: applied \: to \to \: A)\\ \)

The frictional force opposes the forward motion of the crate. The coefficient of static friction is 0.2.

Using the formula;

Fa = - Ff + mgsinθ

but Ff = μsFN and N = mgcosθ

Hence;

Fa = mgsinθ - μsmgcosθ

μsmgcosθ = mgsinθ - Fa

μk =  mgsinθ - Fa/mgcosθ

μk =  coefficient of static friction = ?

Fa = horizontal force = 100N

m = mass = 30.6 kg

θ = angle = 30°

g = acceleration due to gravity = 10 m/s^2

Substituting values;

μk =  [(30.6 × 10) sin 30°] - 100 / (30.6 kg × 10) cos 30°

μk = 153 - 100/265

μk = 0.2

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Explanation:

\(ke = \frac{1}{2} m {v}^{2} \\ m = \frac{2ke}{ {v}^{2} } \\ = \frac{2 \times 16}{ {4}^{2} } = 2kg\)

The work done by gravitational force and tension in the cable is wg > 0 and wt <0. option 2 is correct.

The work done by the force is given as :

W = Fdcosθ

where

F= force

d = displacement

θ = angle between directions of F and d

when force and displacement are parallel then :

θ = 0

cosθ = ±1

so work done is positive

when force and displacement are anti-parallel then :

θ = 180°

cosθ = -1

so work done is negative.

then crane is moving downward. the force is also downward and tension is upward.

The work done by gravitational force and tension in the cable is wg > 0 and wt <0. option 2 is correct.

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The bird has the most potential energy when it is at the highest point of its dive into the ocean.

1. Potential energy is the energy possessed by an object due to its position or state.

2. In this case, we are considering the potential energy of a bird diving into the ocean.

3. The potential energy of an object depends on its height and mass.

4. When the bird is at the highest point of its dive, it has the maximum potential energy.

5. As the bird dives deeper into the ocean, its height decreases, resulting in a decrease in potential energy.

6. At the moment the bird reaches the surface of the water, its potential energy is at its minimum, as it is at its lowest height.

7. The potential energy is converted into kinetic energy as the bird accelerates towards the water.

8. Kinetic energy is the energy possessed by an object due to its motion.

9. When the bird enters the water, its potential energy is completely converted into kinetic energy.

10. The bird continues to possess kinetic energy as it moves through the water.

11. Once the bird comes to a stop in the water, its kinetic energy is reduced to zero.

12. At this point, the bird's potential energy is also zero, as it is at its lowest height and not in motion.

13. Therefore, the bird has the most potential energy when it is at the highest point of its dive into the ocean.

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The speed at which the paper clip be launched horizontally, given that the paper clip has a mass of 0.01 Kg is 5.81 m/s

We'll begin by obtaining the energy stored in the stored in rubber. This is shown below:

E = ½Ke²

E = ½ × 15× 0.15²

E = 7.5 × 0.0225

E = 0.16875 J

Finally, we shall determine the speed. Details below:

KE = ½mv²

0.16875 = ½ × 0.01 × v²

0.16875 = 0.005 × v²

Divide both side by 0.005

v² = 0.16875 / 0.005

Take the square root of both side

v = √(0.16875 / 0.005)

v = 5.81 m/s

Thus, the speed is 5.81 m/s

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when the gravity of a massive star's collapsing core is able to overcome neutron degeneracy pressure, then The core contracts and becomes black hole.

What is degeneracy pressure:

Some neutron stars may have a surface layer of highly degenerate matter that is compressed to great density, but still has some protons

Unlike the main body of the neutron star which is Neutronium, matter compressed until it is all neutrons, packed together. Essentially a huge atomic nucleus.

The star cools and all remaining matter is bound by gravitation into a neutron star.

This object is composed primarily of degenerate neutron matter, this star will collapse into a black hole because gravity will overcome the neutron degeneracy pressure.

hence, when the gravity of a massive star's collapsing core is able to overcome neutron degeneracy pressure, The core contracts and becomes a black hole.

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The difference between longitudinal and transverse waves is with respect to their mediums.

Transverse waves and longitudinal waves are two different forms of waves that differ in the direction that the medium is moving. When the medium's vibration is parallel to the wave direction, a transverse wave is produced. At a right angle to the wave's direction of travel, amplitude is recorded. When the medium being employed vibrates parallel to direction of wave, longitudinal waves are produced.

Amplitude is measured at a zero-degree angle to the wave's travel direction. Transverse waves include crests and troughs, whereas longitudinal waves have compressions and rarefactions. While longitudinal waves can move through fluids like liquids and gases, transverse waves need a relatively rigid medium to do so.

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Answer:

I'm not to sure but I think the answer is 1.5m/s^2

Explanation:

Acceleration = Change in Velocity over Time.

So we get 15 - 0.0 divided by 10.0 which = 1.5m/s^2

But again I'm no expert I'm learning this stuff just like you guys.

The Sun has a complex magnetic field that is generated by the movement of charged particles in its outer layers, known as the convection zone. The Sun's magnetic field is dynamic and can undergo significant changes over time, with its behavior being influenced by the solar cycle.

The solar cycle is a period of approximately 11 years during which the Sun's magnetic field undergoes a complete reversal. At the beginning of the solar cycle, the magnetic field is weak and has a simple structure with a single polarity. As the cycle progresses, the magnetic field becomes more complex and stronger, with the appearance of sunspots and other features indicating the presence of magnetic activity.

During this period, the magnetic field lines become twisted and stretched, forming loops and arches that can extend far above the Sun's surface. These structures can become unstable and release energy in the form of solar flares and coronal mass ejections, which can have a significant impact on the Earth's environment and technology.

After the peak of the solar cycle, the magnetic field begins to weaken and become less complex, eventually returning to a simple, single-polarity configuration at the start of the next cycle.

Overall, the Sun's magnetic field is a complex and dynamic system that undergoes significant changes over time, with its behavior being driven by the movement of charged particles in the convection zone and influenced by the solar cycle.

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A physician who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer is known as an oncologist. This type of doctor has undergone extensive training in the field of oncology and has a deep understanding of the biology, causes, and treatment options for various types of cancer.

Oncologists work in a variety of settings, including hospitals, clinics, and research centers. They play a crucial role in the treatment of cancer patients, working closely with other healthcare professionals to develop individualized treatment plans that may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and other forms of therapy.

Oncologists also monitor patients closely throughout their treatment and may make adjustments to their care plan as needed. Overall, an oncologist is an essential part of a patient's cancer care team and can make a significant difference in their treatment outcomes and quality of life.

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Answer:

43740 N and attractive force

Explanation:

Given that,

Charge 1, q₁ = -54.0 μC

Charge 2, q₂ = +36.0 μC

The distance between charges, r = 2 cm = 0.02 m

We need to find the force between charges. The formula for the force between charges is given by :

\(F=k\dfrac{q_1q_2}{r^2}\)

Put all the values,

\(F=9\times 10^9\times \dfrac{54\times 10^{-6}\times 36\times 10^{-6}}{(0.02)^2}\\\\F=43740\ N\)

As the charges are opposite, the force between them is attractive. Hence, the required force is 43740 N.