cohen and squire ran a study in which they showed that amnesiac patients could improve their speed of reading mirror-reversed words with practice, even though the same patients could not remember any word they had just read. this supports a distinction between:

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Answer 1

The study conducted by Cohen and Squire supports a distinction between the cognitive processes of declarative memory and procedural memory.

Declarative memory is responsible for remembering specific events, facts or information that can be consciously recalled and declared, whereas procedural memory is responsible for skills and habits that are developed and improved over time without conscious recall. The study showed that amnesiac patients could improve their speed of reading mirror-reversed words with practice, even though the same patients could not remember any word they had just read, indicating that they retained procedural memory but not declarative memory.

The distinction between declarative and procedural memory has significant implications for the understanding of the neurobiology of memory and how it relates to different brain regions. The findings of Cohen and Squire's study suggest that these two types of memory rely on different neural systems and are subject to different types of damage or injury.

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Related Questions

What often happened to people in the 1700s who could not pay their debts? They were forced to join religious orders. They were thrown into debtors’ prisons. They were forgiven their debts if they promised to work. They were forbidden to marry or have children.

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Answer: they were thrown into debtors prisons

Explanation:

i took the test

Answer:They were thrown into debtors’ prisons.

Explanation:I took the test

Two-year old abby insists on dressing herself and putting her shoes on by herself. if her parents intervene to help she gets very frustrated. according to erikson's psychosocial theory of development, abby is likely facing which developmental crisis

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According to Erikson's psychosocial theory of development, the developmental crisis which Abby likely facing is: autonomy vs shame and doubt.

What is autonomy vs shame and doubt?

Autonomy versus shame and doubt is the second phase of Erik Erikson's stages of psychosocial development. This phase happens between the age of 18 months and about age 2 or 3 years. According to Erikson, children at this phase are attentive on developing a greater sense of self-control.

Erikson postulates that when a child feels a loss of self-control because of an inability to exercise autonomy and free will because of the parents who are too controlling or too permissive, that child will have a propensity for experiencing shame and doubt.

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You are the internal auditor of a company which is a large wholesaler of household furnishings and interior decorating requisites. The company imports many of its inventory lines from foreign companies but does not take forward cover on these purchases. The company has numerous creditors and the amount owed to creditors is substantial.
You have obtained the following information pertaining to the acquisitions and payments cycle:
1. The acquisitions and payments system is computerised. Hard copy purchase documents are printed, for example orders and GRN’s, and are attached to suppliers delivery notes, invoices and statements, and filed by month alphabetically by supplier name.
2. When goods are delivered, one of the receiving clerks accesses the Receive Goods module of the acquisitions application and calls up details of the delivery by keying in the order number as reflected on the suppliers delivery note. The details are displayed on the terminal screen. Once the delivery is completed, a two-part goods received note (GRN) is printed. One copy is sent to the accounting department to await the suppliers invoice. Creditors are paid by electronic funds transfer.
3. All correspondence with creditors in respect of disputed amounts is filed in date order in a Disputes file.
4. Tim Finn, the accountant responsible for looking after creditors, reconciles the creditors master file to the creditors control account in the general ledger monthly, whilst his two clerks reconcile individual creditors accounts in the creditors master file with creditors statements.
YOU ARE REQUIRED TO:
Describe the application controls (computerised/programmed controls only) which should be in place to ensure that deliveries in respect of valid orders only, are accepted and accurately and completely recorded by the receiving clerks (thus, creating the GRN).
(ignore access controls)

Answers

The application controls (computerized/programmed controls only) which should be in place to ensure that deliveries in respect of valid orders only, are accepted and accurately and completely recorded by the receiving clerks are:

Automated computerized controls for the acquisitions and payments system should be in place to ensure that delivery in respect of valid orders only, are received and accurately and completely recorded by the receiving clerks. Such controls could include:

1. Validity checks of order numbers:When the receiving clerk access the Receive Goods module of the acquisitions application and calls up details of the delivery by keying in the order number as reflected on the supplier’s delivery note. The system should perform a validity check to ensure that the order number entered is correct and corresponds to a valid order on the system.

2. Quantity checks:To ensure the accuracy of the quantities of goods received, the system should compare the quantities entered by the receiving clerk with the quantities ordered in the system, and alert the receiving clerk of any discrepancies.

3. Matching of delivery notes with orders:On completion of the receipt of goods, the system should match the supplier’s delivery note to the order in the system to ensure that the delivery corresponds to a valid order and to check that all the goods ordered have been received.

4. Matching of GRNs with delivery notes:When the receiving clerk has completed the receipt of goods, the system should ensure that the GRN printed is in sequence with the supplier’s delivery note and that all the information on the GRN, including the goods received, quantity, and price, matches the information on the supplier’s delivery note.

5. Record retention:The system should retain electronic copies of the orders, delivery notes, and GRNs to ensure that there is adequate audit evidence of all transactions.

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the development of a person's self-concept is a function of a. learning. b. reference groups and opinion leaders. c. roles and family influences. d. subcultures. e. psychological and social factors.

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The correct option is A because the development of a person's self-concept is a function of learning.

In the psychology of the self, the self-concept is a collection of beliefs about oneself. Generally, the self-concept embodies the answer to the question, "Who am I?" An individual's of the beliefs about themselves, including what is. A similar definition comes from Rosenberg's 1979 book and on the subject. He describes his self-concept as follows: the aggregate of an individual's thoughts and feelings about himself as an object. This questionnaire assesses five dimensions of self-concept: academic, social, emotional, familial, and physical. represents distinct qualities that have distinct relevance to specific areas of human behavior that help us successfully navigate the events of our own lives and positively impact the lives of others. is a heightened belief in oneself.

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If you understand the parts of thinking, you can ask the crucial questions implied by those parts.

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Understanding the parts of thinking allows you to ask crucial questions implied by those parts, helping you analyze and evaluate ideas more effectively.

The parts of thinking include purpose, question, information, interpretation, concepts, assumptions, implications, and point of view. By understanding these elements, you can ask essential questions related to each part.

For example, you can inquire about the purpose of a statement, the underlying assumptions, or the implications of an idea. These questions help you break down complex thoughts and ideas, evaluate their validity, and improve your critical thinking skills.

By dissecting the parts of thinking, you are better equipped to analyze and comprehend various perspectives, make informed decisions, and develop a deeper understanding of complex topics.

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What does flef mean?

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"Flef" could be made-up or specific term used in a certain context or community.

What is the meaning of "flef" and where is it commonly used?

The term "flef" does not have a widely known meaning or usage in the English language. It is possible that it is a word created within a specific group or community.

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About __________ of high school dropouts are poor, while approximately __________ of those with college degrees are poor.

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Approximately half of high school dropouts are poor, while only a small percentage of those with college degrees are poor.

Research indicates that there is a strong relationship between education level and poverty. People with higher levels of education are more likely to have higher paying jobs and economic stability, while those with lower levels of education may struggle to find stable employment and may have lower earning potential.

This is reflected in the statistics, with around half of high school dropouts living in poverty, compared to a much smaller percentage of individuals with college degrees. Education is therefore seen as a key factor in addressing poverty and creating more equitable societies.

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Antoine does not want a tutor for the act. but his mother insists that a tutor will be able to help him: a. avoid nerves before the test c. memorize the answers to the test b. by reading the test questions for him d. by explaining the correct answers to him please select the best answer from the choices provided a b c d

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Antoine does not want a tutor for the act but his mother insists that a tutor will be able to help him avoid nerves before the test

A tutor, who is also officially known as an academic tutor, is a person who offers guidance or instruction to one or more individuals on particular subject matters or abilities. The tutor devotes a few hours each day, week, or month to imparting to the pupil their knowledge of the subject or skill (also called a tutee). Different environments are possible for tutoring.

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Answer:

A: Avoid nerves before the test

Explanation:

Antoine does not want a tutor for the act. but his mother insists that a tutor will be able to help him:

What does biological determinism theory indicate about criminals?

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Biological determinism explanations for criminal behaviour focus to genetic components like skin tone or face structure rather than social or environmental influences.

The idea that a person's behaviour is directly influenced by their genes or some aspect of their physiology, typically at the cost of the environment's involvement in learning or in embryonic development, is known as biological determinism, sometimes known as genetic determinism.

Although the terms "genetic reductionism" and "genetic determinism" are similar, the former refers to the degree of understanding, while the latter refers to the purported causal role of genes. Science and social movements like eugenics, scientific racism, and discussions on the genetic basis of sexual orientation and sociobiology have all been linked to biological determinism.

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Andy has a research project due in one month. Using a calendar, Andy schedules smaller goals for each week to help ensure the project is complete by the deadline. In this scenario, which economic term describes Andy's time?

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The short term cost is the economic term describes Andy's time

What is meant by the term short term cost?

Short-term cost refers to expenses that are expected to occur within a relatively short period of time, usually one year or less. These costs are usually associated with day-to-day operations of a business or organization and are considered immediate or pressing.

Examples of short-term costs include salaries and wages, utilities, office supplies, and rent. The focus of short-term costs is on quick results and immediate impact on the bottom line, as opposed to long-term investments that may take several years to show a return.

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Which level of government writes the majority of criminal laws? the national government the state governments the local governments the special districts the county boards of supervisors?

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The level of government that writes the majority of criminal laws is the state governments. What are criminal laws?Criminal laws are a form of public law that lays out a set of norms, prohibitions, and punishments regulating the behavior of individuals, groups, and governments.

Criminal laws aim to preserve societal norms, uphold justice, and deter illegal conduct. Who writes criminal laws? In the United States, criminal laws are written by the legislative branch of the government. The legislative branch is made up of two parts: the Senate and the House of Representatives. The legislative branch operates at both the federal and state levels.

The federal government enacts criminal laws that apply to the entire country, while state governments enact criminal laws that apply only within their respective states. The majority of criminal laws are written at the state level, where they are codified in the penal codes of each state. While the federal government enacts some criminal laws, such as those relating to drug trafficking and immigration offenses, state governments have the primary responsibility for creating and enforcing criminal laws.

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Which of the following statements is correct when you toss a ball?
1. The ball moves at a constant speed when the K.E of the ball is converted to P.E
2. The ball moves slowly when the K.E of the ball is converted to P.E
3. The ball cannot move when the K.E of the ball is converted to P.E
4. The ball moves fast when the K.E of the ball is converted to P.E

Answers

Answer:

The ball cannot move when the K.E of the ball is converted to P.E

The statements are correct when you toss a ball the ball moves fast when the K.E of the ball is converted to P.E. Thus, option (d) is correct.

When a ball is thrown, its kinetic energy (KE) is transformed into potential energy (PE), which causes the ball to move quickly. The ball has kinetic energy as it is thrown, which is transformed into potential energy as it reaches its greatest point.

The ball has no kinetic energy at its maximum point, and all of its mechanical energy comes from potential energy. The ball picks up speed as it descends because its potential energy is transformed back into kinetic energy.

As a result, the significance of the statements is correct when you toss a ball are the aforementioned. Therefore, option (d) is correct.

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The Fifth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution specifically lists rights that are granted to —

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Answer:

The Fifth Amendment creates a number of rights relevant to both criminal and civil legal proceedings. In criminal cases, the Fifth Amendment guarantees the right to a grand jury, forbids “double jeopardy,” and protects against self-incrimination.

Explanation:

Based on its form of government, in which country do citizens play the MOST direct role in selecting the head of government?
A.
China

B.
Japan

C.
North Korea

D.
South Korea

Answers

Answer: China is the most direct role in selecting the head of goverment

Which of the following is the lowest layer of official party machinery ?
A) the local organization supported by district leaders, precinct or ward captains, and party workers.B) the state party chairperson and committees.C) the national campaign chairperson's volunteers.D) the White House interns.E) the National Convention Delegates.

Answers

Answer:

A) the local organization supported by district leaders, precinct or ward captains, and party workers.

define myth in the context of religion​

Answers

In the study of mythology, the term "myth" refers to a traditional history, considered sacred, which shows how the world works and its inhabitants have come to have their present form. These traditional narratives include, but are not limited to, the stories found in the Bible.

HELP PLEASE How are the principles of popular sovereignty and federalism evident in the government of the United States?

Answers

The principles of popular sovereignty and federalism are both evident in the government of the United States.

What is the rationale for the above response?

Popular sovereignty is the idea that ultimate power and authority in a government rests with the people. In the United States, this principle is reflected in the Constitution, which begins with the phrase "We the People" and establishes a system of government that is based on representative democracy.

The people elect their representatives to make laws and govern on their behalf. Additionally, the Constitution provides for popular participation in the amendment process, allowing the people to modify the document over time.

Federalism, on the other hand, is the idea that power and authority in a government is divided between a central or federal government and the individual states. In the United States, this principle is reflected in the division of powers between the federal government and the states, as outlined in the Constitution.

The federal government has specific powers granted to it by the Constitution, such as the power to regulate commerce and declare war. Meanwhile, the states retain their own powers, such as the power to regulate commerce within their borders and conduct elections.

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intense artificial light is most successfully used as therapy for a disorganized (hebephrenic) schizophrenia b essential hypertension c seasonal affective disorder d bipolar disorder e panic disorder

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The correct option  (c) Seasonal affective disorder

Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is a type of depression that is linked to seasonal changes - SAD begins and finishes at roughly the same periods each year. If you're like most SAD sufferers, your symptoms begin in the fall and last into the winter, sapping your energy and making you cranky. These symptoms usually go away in the spring and summer. SAD induces depression less frequently in the spring or early summer and resolves in the fall or winter.

Light therapy (phototherapy), psychotherapy, and medications may be used to treat SAD.

Don't dismiss that yearly feeling as a case of the "winter blues" or a seasonal funk that you must endure on your own. Take actions to maintain your mood and motivation throughout the year.

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which design feature of human language refers to the complete understanding of what was said?

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The design feature of human language that refers to the complete understanding of what was said is called "semanticity."

Semanticity is one of the key design features of human language. It refers to the ability of language to convey meaning through the use of symbols, such as words or gestures, that are linked to specific concepts or ideas. In other words, when we use language, we are able to communicate our thoughts and feelings to others in a way that is meaningful and understandable.

Semanticity is an important feature of human language because it allows us to communicate complex ideas and emotions with precision and accuracy.

It also enables us to convey information about the world around us, such as describing the features of an object or the actions of a person. Without semanticity, human communication would be limited to simple signals or calls, like those used by animals, which are not as flexible or nuanced as language.

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Your mother is confined in a hospital and must undergo an urgent surgery. However, your family is financially short. On your way back to the hospital, you have seen a lady running to the same hospital, crying, calling by her cellphone, and dropped her small bag unconsciously. You notice that the small bag has a lot of money in it. With your assumption, it amounts to 100 thousand pesos. What will you do?

Answers

I would give the lady the bag back. I'd also inquire about her need for assistance. If she is in a rush and does not have time to speak with me, I would alert a hospital staff member of the situation and give them the bag to return to the rightful owner.

A worker who is a part of a team of workers (especially a member of the staff that works for the President of the United States) synonym: employee. a: an employee. a person employed to carry out a task. If you're referring to a team of individuals within an organization, the proper term is staff. Pam Peters notes that when staff is used as a collective noun, there must be a word to designate each individual employee. Employee and staffer are two frequently used terms. The word "Staff," which refers to a group of people with whom one works, has a military etymology. It thus denotes a "group of officers supporting a general."

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why the most of the projects donot complete in time?write in 6 points​

Answers

Answer:

the most of the projects dont get completed in time because of following points

Explanation:

1)because of lack of manpower

2)because of lack of materials

3)because of lack of money or capital

4)because of less educated people working

5lbecause people are not focused in their work which may cause damage and they may have to begin from start

6) because of late authority from government

What are the tiny invaders being discussed in this article? Where are they arriving? Why are they arriving there ?

Answers

I inferred you are referring to the article found here https://kids.nationalgeographic.com/explore/science/green-invaders/

Explanation:

The tiny invaders being discussed in this article are plants. These plants are considered are invaders because they come from other countries, but are now threatening the existence of the country's native plants. They were brought in by people because they wanted to make their gardens and yards look beautiful since they rarely found locally.

Answer:

These tiny invaders are the seeds of plants. They arrive across geographical boundaries and climate extremes. Plants often spread from place to place through human travel and trade.  More frequently, invasive species travel to their new homes by accident.

Explanation:

Got 100 percent!

If the textbook weighs 19.6 newtons on Venus, What is the strength of gravity on Venus?

Answers

Answer:

The strength of gravity on Venus is 8.87 m/s².

Explanation:

Mass of textbook, m = 19.6 N on Venus

We know that the acceleration due to gravity on Venus is 8.87 m/s²

We can find the mass of the text book using the formula of weight of an object. Weight is given by :

W = mg

So, the strength of gravity on Venus is 8.87 m/s².

A cricket eats flowers then a praying mantis eats the cricket. What was the original source of energy in this food chain ?

Answers

Answer:

In this particular food chain, the original source of food was the flowers.

Explanation:

A food chain can be described as a linear network representing the production and absorption of energy by different organisms. It starts with producer organism, such as the flowers mentioned in the question, which use sunlight to make their own food, so to speak. If the flowers are eaten by another organism, then their energy is transferred to that organism, as is the case with the cricket mentioned. Since the food chain we are analyzing here mentions the flowers, cricket, and praying mantis, and since they are consumed in this sequence, we can safely say that the flowers were the original source of food.

When driving near a motorcycle:A. Motorcycles are harder to see, so you should always anticipate the presence of a motorcycleB. Rely on the motorcycle rider to make adjustments and drive defensivelyC. Always slow down because they are unpredictable

Answers

When driving near a motorcycle, it is important to remember that motorcycles are harder to see compared to other vehicles on the road. As a result, it is crucial to always anticipate the presence of a motorcycle and be extra cautious while driving.

You should never rely on the motorcycle rider to make adjustments or drive defensively, as they may not always be able to do so due to various factors such as road conditions, weather, etc. It is recommended to always slow down when driving near a motorcycle and maintain a safe distance, as they may be unpredictable and sudden movements can be dangerous for both the motorcycle rider and the driver.
Additionally, it is crucial to be vigilant and drive defensively, as motorcycles can be unpredictable.

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How did the Louisiana purchase benefit the United States? Use both texts to find the best response.

A: Pioneers began to farm the new land or use other natural resources. Some of these people used the Mississippi River and the Port of New Orleans to ship their products. This purchase clarified the Constitution, increased riches, and led to buying more land.

B: President Thomas Jefferson believed that for Americans to be virtuous and free, they needed to farm land. He also wanted to obtain the Port of New Orleans at the mouth of the Mississippi River, so farmers could transport their goods. The Louisiana Purchase doubled the size of the United States and vastly increased its resources and riches. The roles of the president and the Constitution were also defined, as it was determined that the president could purchase the land without consulting Congress.

C: The Louisiana Purchase benefited the United States because it led to westward expansion, secure waterways, and a stronger nation. Pioneers began to farm the land or use the natural resources. Some of these people used the Mississippi River and the Port of New Orleans to ship their products. This purchase clarified the Constitution, increased riches, and led to buying more land. By strengthening the country, securing waterways, and expanding westward, the Louisiana purchase benefited the U.S.

D: The Louisiana Purchase involved the United States paying France $15 million for their territory. Americans moved into the new land and began to farm. They lived virtuous lives full of hard work and determination. The purchase doubled the size of the United States.

Answers

The answer C looks the best to me. It states the fact that it allowed them to practically DOUBLE their land, and it lead to much westward expansion, which later lead to the gold rush, and other important things to America.

The correct answer is option C. The Louisiana Purchase benefited the United States because it led to westward expansion, secure waterways, and a stronger nation. Pioneers began to farm the land or use the natural resources. Some of these people used the Mississippi River and the Port of New Orleans to ship their products. This purchase clarified the Constitution, increased riches, and led to buying more land. By strengthening the country, securing waterways, and expanding westward, the Louisiana purchase benefited the U.S.

What benefit did the Louisiana purchase have for the United States? The Louisiana Purchase benefited the United States because it led to westward expansion, secure waterways, and a stronger nation. Pioneers began to farm the land or use the natural resources. Some of these people used the Mississippi River and the Port of New Orleans to ship their products. This purchase clarified the Constitution, increased riches, and led to buying more land. By strengthening the country, securing waterways, and expanding westward, the Louisiana purchase benefited the U.S.With the Louisiana purchase, the land under the command of the Constitution increased twofold. This contributed to a steady westward expansion. The authority over the newly doubled land and assured westward expansion was extremely beneficial for the United States.

Therefore, the Louisiana Purchase helped the United States in facilitating a westward expansion.

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Follow Jaysuels on twitch

Answers

Answer:

f4f my twotter is The Kid D but i might change it to qt dee

Explanation:

Several professional associations of engineers oppose increased immigration of skilled high-tech workers. is this ethical? give arguments for both sides.

Answers

The question of whether it is ethical for technical organizations to resist increasing immigration of skilled high-tech workers is subjective and can be debated from many perspectives.

Professional bodies may argue that immigration restrictions help protect employment opportunities for native engineers. They may believe that an influx of foreign experts could lead to increased competition for jobs, potentially crowding out local engineers and driving down wages.

Professional agencies may argue that restricting immigration encourages investment in local human resource development. They may believe that prioritizing the education and training of native engineers will create a stronger, more self-sufficient workforce and ensure the availability of skilled professionals in the high-tech industry.

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Was the Age of Exploration Economic, Social, or Political

Answers

Europeans traveled over the world due to economic, financial, and wealth factors. Exploration of the planet by countries both caused and was impacted by international trade. Countries wanted to cut out the "middlemen" merchants in the trading market to save time and money.

What was the Age of Exploration and why did it happen?

The Age of Discovery (also known as the Age of Exploration) began in the 1400s and lasted into the 1600s. It was a time when European nations first began to explore the world. They mapped out new routes to India, the Far East, and the Americas.

The colonies and Europe traded new foods, plants, and animals. Indigenous peoples were wiped off by Europeans through disease, overwork, and brutality.

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The monarchs lost power because _______

Answers

Answer: The monarchs lost power because the aristocrats realized that the king needed their power and as a group, they were stronger than the king. Eventually, aristocrats in most city-states overthrew the monarchy and took the power for themselves.

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Winner-brainliest Tell me the answer in rowsPasta 1.2 and so on DLC Company, a technology startup, is undergoing a new round of financing and seeks to entice bondholders by offering multiple types of debt. One set of bonds has detachable warrants. At the beginning of the current fiscal year, DLC issued $5,000,000 of 10% bonds for $5,210,000. Each $1,000 bond had 20 detachable warrants, and each of these warrants was redeemable for one share of DLC $1 par value stock at a price of $25. The fair value of a warrant was $10.Required:a. Determine the value to be assigned to the bonds and the warrants and prepare the journal entry to record the issuance of the convertible bonds. b. Assume that 4,000 warrants are subsequently exercised. Prepare the journal entry for the issuance of the common stock. In On Painting, Alberti claimed that a truly beautiful work must have both: A. literal and symbolic meanings.B. religious and nonreligious themes. 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The mortgage has a30-yearterm with monthly payments and an APR (with semi-annual compounding) of7.5%.a. How much will you pay in interest, and how much will you pay in principal, during the first year?b. How much will you pay in interest, and how much will you pay in principal, during the 20th year (i.e., between 19 and 20 years from now)? (1 point) A sample of n = 10 observations is drawn from a normal population with = 910|and o = 230. Find each of the following: A. P(X > 1055)| Probability = 0.0228 B. P(X < 786) Probability = 0.04 T/FSignificant tolerance and withdrawal can develop with sedative, hynotic, and antianxiety medication use disorder Brianna is slow cooking a honey ham. After some time, she checks its internal temperature with a cooking thermometer. The thermometer reads 136 degrees Fahrenheit. What would the thermometer read, to the nearest degree, if it were in degrees Celsius? one example of a source of external benefits is a. technology spilloverb. traffic congestionc. pollutiond. subsidies for polluterse. taxes on environmental conservation This question is about metal oxides. When sodium is heated in oxygen, sodium oxide is produced. Na + O2 2 Na2OHow many atoms of Na are required to balance this equation _____ is a relative measure of signal loss or gain and is used to measure the logarithmic loss or gain of a signal Dave buys a baseball for \$ 15$15 plus an \ 8\% 8% tax. Mel buys a football for \$ 20$20 plus an \ 8\% 8% tax.Enter the difference, in dollars, of the amounts Dave and Mel pay, including tax. Round your answer to the nearest cent. 11. Which of the following equations is balanced?a. Al + Br-2 AlBr3b.c.d.2 Al +2 Br 3 AlBr,2 Al + 3 Br 2 AlBr,Al + Br AlBr3 Which statement about contention and congestion in switches and routers is FALSE?Group of answer choicesa. When contention becomes sufficiently severe, it becomes congestion.b. Datagram networks are immune to contention and congestion because they permit additional connections only when sufficient resources are available in their switches or routers.c. Contention occurs when a frame/packet must wait in a queue because there is at least one other frame/packet currently being transmitted ahead of it on the outbound interface (port).d. Congestion occurs when no more switch or router memory remains to hold inbound frames/packets. Frames/packets which arrive during congestion will be lost (dropped) Define a linear model that could be used to assess the claim that "As single factors, neither having published papers nor having taken a biostatistics class predicts the duration of time to earn a PhD; however, together, these two factors have a negative association with time to PhD." Note this is a negative association with time; lower time to PhD is generally a good thing!Explicitly label parameters and variables.For each parameter, say whether you expect it to be negative/zero/positive if the claim were true.Finally, assuming your data were to support the claim, describe a method by which you could formally assess whether the result you get is likely spurious or likely a true association. Your description should be detailed enough that someone could actually implement it.