Describe the short range order and long range disorder in ceramic AND polymeric glasses
Answers
The short-range order in ceramic and polymeric glasses involves a consistent arrangement of atoms or molecules over small distances, while long-range disorder refers to the lack of a periodic structure across larger distances.
Short-range order in ceramic and polymeric glasses refers to the consistent and predictable arrangement of atoms or molecules within a small local region, typically spanning a few atomic distances. In ceramics, this order is mainly due to strong ionic or covalent bonding between the constituent elements. In polymers, short-range order arises from the regular bonding patterns of the monomer units within the polymer chains.
Long-range disorder in ceramic and polymeric glasses is characterized by the lack of a well-defined, repeating structure extending beyond the short-range order. In other words, there is no periodic arrangement of atoms or molecules over larger distances, which is a key feature of crystalline materials.
Ceramic glasses exhibit long-range disorder due to the random arrangement of their constituent elements, which may be caused by rapid cooling during their formation. Similarly, polymeric glasses have long-range disorder because the polymer chains do not have a regular, crystalline arrangement; instead, they adopt a more random and amorphous structure.
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Related Questions
round-nosed bullets with low velocities are specifically designed for
Answers
Round-nosed bullets with low velocities are specifically designed for improved accuracy and safety in target shooting and hunting scenarios. The round-nosed shape reduces air resistance, allowing for stable trajectory and accuracy at lower velocities. They are also safer for shooting in close quarters and reduce the risk of over-penetration.
Round-nosed bullets with low velocities are specifically designed for certain purposes in firearms. These bullets are commonly used in target shooting and hunting scenarios. The round-nosed shape of the bullet helps to reduce air resistance, allowing it to maintain a stable trajectory and accuracy at lower velocities. This makes them suitable for shooting at shorter distances or when precision is required.
Additionally, the low velocity of these bullets reduces the risk of over-penetration, making them safer for shooting in close quarters or in situations where there may be a risk of unintended collateral damage. The round-nosed design also helps to transfer energy more efficiently upon impact, which can be beneficial for hunting applications.
Overall, round-nosed bullets with low velocities offer improved accuracy and safety in specific shooting scenarios.
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Select the correct answer
A car moves with an average speed of 45 miles/hour How long does the car take to travel 90 miles?
Answers
Answer:the 2 hours
Explanation: Its just simple math
Answer:
2
Explanation:
hope this helps
4. A foam cooler of negligible mass contains 1.75 kg of water Ice from a refrigerator at -15°C, is then added to the water in the cooler. When thermal equilibrium has been reached, the total mass of ice in the cooler is
0.778 kg. Assuming no heat exchange with the surroundings, what mass of ice was added? For water, Le-334 x 10 J/kg, and for ice, c-2100 J/(kg-K).
1.8 kg
O 1.1 kg
O 07
O
0.7 kg
0.9 kg
Answers
The mass of ice that was added is 1.11 kg. So the answer is 1.1 kg (option O 1.1 kg).
To solve this problem, we can use the principle of energy conservation. The heat gained by the ice will be equal to the heat lost by the water.
The heat gained by the ice can be calculated using the formula:
Q_ice = m_ice * c_ice * ΔT_ice
Where:
Q_ice = heat gained by the ice
m_ice = mass of ice added
c_ice = specific heat capacity of ice (2100 J/(kg-K))
ΔT_ice = change in temperature of the ice (from -15°C to 0°C)
The heat lost by the water can be calculated using the formula:
Q_water = m_water * L_water
Where:
Q_water = heat lost by the water
m_water = mass of water in the cooler
L_water = latent heat of fusion of water (334 x 10^3 J/kg)
Since there is no heat exchange with the surroundings, the heat gained by the ice is equal to the heat lost by the water:
Q_ice = Q_water
m_ice * c_ice * ΔT_ice = m_water * L_water
Substituting the known values:
m_ice * 2100 * (0 - (-15)) = 1.75 * 334 * 10^3
Simplifying the equation:
m_ice * 2100 * 15 = 1.75 * 334 * 10^3
m_ice = (1.75 * 334 * 10^3) / (2100 * 15)
m_ice ≈ 1.11 kg
Therefore, the mass of ice that was added is approximately 1.11 kg. So the answer is 1.1 kg (option O 1.1 kg).
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which property of a wave is labeled "x" on the diagram?
a. amplitude
b. frequency
c. wavelength
d. none of the above
(thank you!)
Answers
state coulomb's law mathematically
Answers
Coulomb's law is express as:
\(\begin{gathered} F=k\frac{q_1q_2}{r^2} \\ \text{ where} \\ k\text{ is Coulomb's constant} \\ q_1\text{ and }q_2\text{ are the charges} \\ r\text{ is the distance between charges} \end{gathered}\)What is the center stone of an arch on a bridge called?
Thanks so much.
Answers
Answer:
keystone
Explanation:
what sort of human activity do you think is contributing to increase carbon dioxide
Answers
The human activities that are contributing to increase carbon dioxide are said to be releasing chemicals into the atmosphere, deforestation, construction, burning fossil fuels, etc.
Burning the fossil fuels is done to produce coal, generation of electricity, in factory usage which results in the release of huge amounts of CO₂.
Smoke from the vehicles contribute to the increased CO₂ levels.
Deforestation is done to acquire land for agriculture and construction purposes. Urbanisation leads to increase in CO₂ levels with the increased construction.
Construction of high rise buildings leads to the usage of a lot of cement. Thus increasing CO₂ levels into the atmosphere.
Increased CO₂ levels in the atmosphere leads to the climate change by increasing the temperature of the earth.
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The earth's gravity is pulling on you. Are you pulling on the earth? Explain why or why not.
Answers
Answer:
"we both attract each other with the same force but we know that attraction between two bodies depends upon their mass, greater the mass of two bodies is the force of attraction between them"(got this off the internet).
If the unbalanced force is -20.0 N and the mass of the object is 3.75 kg, what is the acceleration of the the object while this force is acting?
Answers
Answer:
a=-5.3m/s2
Explanation:
F=-20N
m=3.75kg
a=?
F=am /:m
a=F/m
a=-20N/3.75kg
a=-5.3m/s2
boxcar at a rail yard is set into motion at the top of a hump. The car rolls down quietly and without friction onto a straight, level track where it couples with a flatcar of smaller mass, originally at rest, so that the two cars then roll together without friction. Consider the two cards as a system from the moment of release of the boxcar until both are rolling together. Answer the following questions yes or no. (a) Is mechanical energy of the system conserved? (b) Is momentum of the system conserved? Next consider only the process of the boxcar gaining speed as it rolls down the hump. For the boxcar and the Earth as a system, (c) is mechanical energy conserved? (d) Is momentum conserved? Finally, consider the two cars as a system as the boxcar is slowing down in the coupling process. (e) Is mechanical energy of this system conserved? (f) Is momentum of this system conserved?
Answers
A) The given statement "Is mechanical energy of the system conserved" is Yes
B) The given statement "Is momentum of the system conserved" is Yes
C) The given statement "Is mechanical energy conserved" is No
D) The given statement "Is momentum conserved" is Yes
E) The given statement "Is mechanical energy of this system conserved" is No
F) The given statement "Is momentum of this system conserved" is Yes
When the boxcar rolls down the hump, the only forces acting on it are gravitational forces, which are conservative forces. As a result, the mechanical energy of the boxcar-earth system is conserved as it rolls down the hump.The two cars will both be traveling at the same speed and direction once they are coupled together. As a result, the momentum of the system will be conserved when the boxcar and flatcar couple together.
For the boxcar and the Earth as a system, the mechanical energy is not conserved since energy is converted to kinetic energy in the process of the boxcar gaining speed. However, momentum is conserved as the boxcar accelerates down the hump.
When the boxcar is slowing down in the coupling process, energy is converted to thermal energy and sound energy. As a result, the mechanical energy of this system is not conserved. However, the momentum of this system is conserved.
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What will happen to the ball in example C if there is no friction?
A) The ball will roll forever in a straight path
B) The ball will roll forever in a curved path
C) The ball will stop rolling eventually
D) The ball's final position will be 10m away from the starting point
Answers
Answer:
A) The ball will roll forever in a straight path.
are scientific theories and laws developed in the acquisition of scientific knowledge
Answers
Answer:
Scientific theories and laws develop from the acquisition of scientific knowledge.
Explanation:
t
A frictionless piston-cylinder device as shown in Figure Q4 contains 7.5 liters of saturated liquid water at 275kPa. An electric resistance is installed in it and is being turned on until 3050 kJ of energy is transferred to the water. Assume the piston-cylinder device is well insulated, determine i) the mass of water, kg, ii) the final enthalpy of water, k J/kg, iii) the final state and the quality (x) of water, iv) the change in entropy of water, kJ/kg, and v) whether the process is reversible, irreversible, or impossible. Sketch the process on P−v diagram with respect to the saturation lines.
Answers
A frictionless piston-cylinder device contains 7.5 liters of saturated liquid water at 275 kPa. An electric resistance is turned on until 3050 kJ of energy is transferred to the water.
i) The mass of water can be determined by using the specific volume of saturated liquid water at the given pressure and volume. By using the specific volume data from the steam tables, the mass of water is calculated to be 6.66 kg.
ii) To find the final enthalpy of water, we need to consider the energy added to the water. The change in enthalpy can be calculated using the energy equation Q = m(h2 - h1), where Q is the energy transferred, m is the mass of water, and h1 and h2 are the initial and final enthalpies, respectively. Rearranging the equation, we find that the final enthalpy of water is 454.55 kJ/kg.
iii) The final state and the quality (x) of water can be determined by using the final enthalpy value. The final enthalpy falls within the region of superheated vapor, indicating that the water has completely evaporated. Therefore, the final state is a superheated vapor and the quality is 1 (x = 1).
iv) The change in entropy of water can be obtained by using the entropy equation ΔS = m(s2 - s1), where ΔS is the change in entropy, m is the mass of water, and s1 and s2 are the initial and final entropies, respectively. The change in entropy is found to be 10.13 kJ/kg.
v) The process described is irreversible because the water started as a saturated liquid and ended up as a superheated vapor, indicating that irreversibilities such as heat transfer across a finite temperature difference and friction have occurred. Therefore, the process is irreversible.
On a P-v diagram, the process can be represented as a vertical line from the initial saturated liquid state to the final superheated vapor state, crossing the saturation lines.
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A box rests on a horizontal, frictionless surface. A girl pushes on the box with a force of 18 N to the right and a boy pushes on the box with a force of 12 N to the left.The box moves 4.0 m to the right. Find the work done by (a) the girl, (b) the boy, and (c) the net force
Answers
The work done by the boy is 0 N
The work done by the girl is 72 N
The Net force is 6 N
What frictional force?The force preventing sliding against one another of solid surfaces, fluid layers, and material components is known as friction.
There are various kinds of friction such as dry and fluid friction.
Two solid surfaces in touch are opposed to one another's relative lateral motion by dry friction.
Work done = force * distance
The work done by the boy = 12 * 0
The work done by the boy = 0 N
The work done by the girl = 18 * 4
The work done by the girl = 72 N
Net force = 18 - 12
Net force = 6 N
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I would kindly appreciate some help :) Please and thank you.
Answers
Answer: 24 buses.
Explanation:
v0 = 33.5 m/s
theta = 18.0 deg
horizontal distance travelled by bike = range of projectile = v0^2 sin(2 theta ) / g
d = 33.5^2 sin(2 x 18.0) / 9.81
d = 67.24
number of buses = 67.24 / 2.74 = 24.54
so it will able to cross 24 buses.
help i dont know vfvvfvf
Answers
Answer:
20 steps is his displacement
galaxies are large groups of millions, billions, or even trillions of stars. what keeps the stars in a galaxy from moving away from each other?
Answers
Galaxies are indeed large groups of stars, and they can range in size from dwarf galaxies with only a few million stars to massive galaxies with trillions of stars. However, the stars within a galaxy are not stationary. They are in constant motion, but what keeps them from moving away from each other is gravity.
Gravity is a fundamental force of nature that attracts objects with mass toward each other. In a galaxy, the stars are held together by the gravitational pull of other stars. The combined mass of all the stars in a galaxy creates a powerful gravitational force that keeps them together. The more massive a galaxy is, the stronger its gravitational force, which in turn keeps the stars tightly bound.
In addition to gravity, there is also dark matter. Dark matter is a mysterious substance that makes up a significant portion of the universe's total mass. It is believed that dark matter exists within galaxies and that its gravitational pull helps hold the stars together.
In summary, the stars within a galaxy are kept from moving away from each other by the powerful force of gravity. This force is created by the combined mass of all the stars and is further strengthened by the presence of dark matter.
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the shortest path from point a to point b goes through a pond. to avoid the pond, you must walk straight 23 meters along one edge of the pond, then take a 90-degree turn, and again walk straight 57 meters along another edge of the pond to reach point b. if you could walk through the pond, what would be the distance from point a to point b? a. 24 m b. 80 m c. d.
Answers
If you could walk through the pond, the distance from point 'A' to point 'B' will be 61.4 meters using Pythagoras theorem.
What is the theory of the Pythagorean Theorem?
Pythagoras discovered that the square of the hypotenuse of a right-angled triangle, where one of the angles is 90 degrees, equals the sum of the squares of the other two sides: a2+b2=c2.
In layman's words, what is the Pythagorean theorem?
The Pythagorean Theorem states that the squares on the hypotenuse (the side across from the right angle) of a right triangle, or, in familiar algebraic notation, a2 + b2, are equal to the squares on the legs.
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Question #7: If the skater were to continue to roll on the ramp, the skater would get lower and lower each time and eventually stop. Which of the following explains this phenomenon? Energy escapes the system in the form of heat. O Energy is destroyed by the action of the wheels rolling on the ramp. O Potential energy is equal to zero when the skater reaches the bottom of the ramp. O Kinetic energy uses up energy until there is no more.
Answers
The Potential energy is equal to zero when the skater reaches the bottom of the ramp.
What is the kinetic energy of an object?The kinetic energy of an object is the energy possessed by the object due to its motion.
Mathematically, the formula for kinetic energy is given as;
K.E = ¹/₂mv²
where;
m is the mass of the objectv is the velocity of the objectBased on the law of conservation of energy, the potential energy of the skier is maximum at the maximum height and this potential energy is converted into kinetic energy and eventually becomes zero at the bottom of the ramp.
Thus, the correct explanation is Potential energy is equal to zero when the skater reaches the bottom of the ramp.
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What is the new period if the pendulum is taken to a planet that has 4 times the mass and 4 times the radius of earth
Answers
The new period of the pendulum when it is taken to the new planet is double of its period on Earth.
Period of a pendulumThe period of a pendulum is given by the following formula;
\(T = 2\pi \sqrt{\frac{l}{g} }\)
where;
g is acceleration due to gravity of the pendulumL is length of the pendulumAcceleration due to gravity of the new planetThe acceleration due to gravity of the new planet is calculated as follows;
\(g_E = \frac{GM_E}{R_E^2} = 9.81 \ m/s^2 \\\\g(new \ planet) = \frac{G(4M_E)}{(4R_E)^2} = \frac{4GM_E}{16R_E^2} = \frac{GM_E}{4R_E^2} = \frac{9.81}{4} = 2.45 \ m/s^2\)
New period of the pendulum\(T = 2\pi \sqrt{\frac{l}{g} } \\\\T =\frac{2\pi \sqrt{l} }{\sqrt{g} } \\\\T_1\sqrt{g_1} = T_2\sqrt{g_2} \\\\T_E\sqrt{g_E} = T\sqrt{g} \\\\T = \frac{T_E\sqrt{g_E}}{\sqrt{g} } \\\\T = \frac{T_E \times \sqrt{9.81} }{\sqrt{2.45} } \\\\T = 2T_E\)
Thus, the new period of the pendulum when it is taken to the new planet is double of its period on Earth.
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Question 10 of 10
Two particles are separated by 0.38 m and have charges of 1.25 x 10-9C and
1.92 * 10-°C. Use Coulomb's law to predict the force between the particles if
the distance is doubled. The equation for Coulomb's law is F = kouse, and
the constant, k equals 9.00 x 109 Nm²/C2
A. -1,50x10-7N
B. -3.74 x 10-8N
C. 1,50 x 10-7N
D. 3.74 x 10-8N
SUBMIT
Answers
Answer:
Its d 3.74 x 10-8N
Explanation:
Answer: 3.74 x 10-8 N
Explanation:
A ball is thrown up into the air with an initial velocity of 18 m/s. A) How high does the ball go? B) Calculate the time needed for the ball to reach its max height.
Answers
Answer:
B) t = 1.83 [s]
A) y = 16.51 [m]
Explanation:
To solve this problem we must use the following equation of kinematics.
\(v_{f} =v_{o} -g*t\)
where:
Vf = final velocity = 0
Vo = initial velocity = 18 [m/s]
g = gravity acceleration = 9.81 [m/s²]
t = time [s]
Note: the negative sign in the above equation means that the acceleration of gravity is acting in the opposite direction to the motion.
A) The maximum height is reached when the final velocity of the ball is zero.
0 = 18 - (9.81*t)
9.81*t = 18
t = 18/9.81
t = 1.83 [s], we found the answer for B.
Now using the following equation.
\(y = y_{o} + v_{o}*t - 0.5*g*t^{2}\\\)
where:
y = elevation [m]
Yo = initial elevation = 0
y = 18*(1.83) - 0.5*9.81*(1.83)²
y = 16.51 [m]
Compare the pictures of the igneous rocks.
Which of the three rocks shows evidence of the longest cooling process?
this is science
Answers
The rock that shows evidence of the longest cooling process is typically granite. Granite is a type of intrusive igneous rock, which means that it formed from magma that cooled slowly beneath the Earth's surface.
What are dolerite and basalt?Dolerite and basalt are examples of extrusive igneous rocks, which formed from lava that cooled quickly on the Earth's surface. The rapid cooling process did not allow for the formation of large mineral crystals, resulting in a finer-grained texture.
Explain the term igneous rocks.Igneous rocks are rocks that form from the solidification of molten rock material, either below the Earth's surface or on the Earth's surface. The solidification process can occur slowly over a long period of time or quickly over a short period of time, depending on the conditions under which the molten rock solidifies.
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Calculate all currents with nodal analysis. Check the balance of power. Data: R₁=402, R₂=82, R3-24 02, U₁1-48 V, U₁2-24 V, Is-2 A. Usl R₁ Is ↑) U₁2₂ R₂ R₂
Answers
If R₁ = 402 ΩR₂ = 82 ΩR₃ = 2402 ΩU₁1 = 48 VU₁2 = 24 VIs = 2 A. The balance of power is P = Ps = 8.8758 W = 96 W.
Current flowing through R1, I1 can be calculated using Ohm's law as follows:
I1 = (U1 - U2) / R1 = (48 - 24) / 402 = 0.06 A
Current flowing through R2, I2 can be calculated using Ohm's law as follows:
I2 = U2 / R2 = 24 / 82 = 0.2927 A
The current through R3, I3 can be calculated by nodal analysis.
I3 = (U2 - 0) / R3 + (U2 - U1) / R2 = (24 - 0) / 2402 + (24 - 48) / 82 = 0.0199 A
The total current leaving the node is the sum of the three currents.
Is = I1 + I2 + I3 = 0.06 + 0.2927 + 0.0199 = 0.3726 A
The total power in the circuit is given by the sum of the power dissipated by each resistor.
P1 = I1² R1 = 0.06² x 402 = 1.4488 WP2 = I2² R2 = 0.2927² x 82 = 7.3343 WP3 = I3² R3 = 0.0199² x 2402 = 0.0927 W
The total power in the circuit is:
P = P1 + P2 + P3 = 1.4488 + 7.3343 + 0.0927 = 8.8758 W
The power supplied by the source is: Ps = Is U1 = 2 x 48 = 96 W
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3.) A car with a mass of 2,000 kg travels at 20 m/s. Which one has the greatest impulse?A) The car slows to a stop in 10 s for a red light.B) The car slams on the brakes and comes to a stop in 4s to avoid running into the car in front of it.C) The car slams into a wall coming to a stop in 1.2 s.
Answers
Given that the mass of the car is m = 2000 kg and initial speed u = 20 m/s.
Here, three values of time are given.
(a) t1 = 10 s
(b) t2 = 4 s
(c) t3 = 1.2 s
In all three cases, the final velocity vis zero.
Impulse = change in momentum
= mv-mu
\(\begin{gathered} \operatorname{Im}\text{pulse = 2000}\times0-2000\times20 \\ =-40000\text{ Kg m/s} \end{gathered}\)If the time duration is increased then force will be decreased as
\(\operatorname{Im}\text{pulse = force}\times time\)Force will be lowest for 10s and greatest for 1.2 s.
The impulse will be the same for all three cases as the change in momentum is the same.
If you run a lap around a track of 200 m. What should be distance and displacement?
Answers
What is the voltage in a circuit that has a current of 10.0 amps and a resistance of 28.5 ohms?
A.
2.85 volts
B.
285 volts
C.
0.35 volts
D.
18.5 volts
Answers
Answer:
OPTION B 285 volts
Explanation:
USE OHM'S LAW
V = IR
V = 28.5 ×10 = 285 volts
HOPE IT HELPED :)
Someone please help I’m so confused
Answers
Explanation:
the switch and the battery
Give an example of a situation in which you have experienced sound being reflected, absorbed, and transmitted.
Answers
Answer: Absorption is the transformation of radiant power to another type of energy, usually heat, by interaction with matter. The transmittance t of a medium is defined by the ratio of transmitted radiant power to incident radiant power.
Explanation:
Absorption, in wave motion, the transfer of the energy of a wave to matter as the wave passes through it. ... If there is only a small fractional absorption of energy, the medium is said to be transparent to that particular radiation, but, if all the energy is lost, the medium is said to be opaque.
How long would it take a machine to do 5000 joules of work if the power rating of the machine is 100 watts?
A. 0.2 s
B. 10 s
C. 50 s
D. 5 000 s
Answers
Answer:
hope this he;ps
Explanation:
power = work ÷ time
time = work ÷ power
time = 5,000 J ÷ 100 W
time = 50 s