Describe three ways in which scientists study ecosystems? explain why we need much more basic data about the structure and condition

During photosynthesis, there ligh dependent and independent reactions. Light dependent reactions are not influenced by temperature, but light independent reactions can be affected by the increase with temperature, due to some enzyme catalysis.

The answer is: True with limits.

Multicellular creatures have longer life spans than unicellular ones because they contain more cells. Multicellular organisms have a higher capacity for environmental adaptation.

But multicellularity has many benefits, including tolerance to physical and chemical stressors, better resource acquisition, protection from predators, more effective colonization of new lands, and a higher probability of surviving intermicrobial wars.

All multicellular organisms require communication between their cells in order to promote development, environmental adaption, and proper function.

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Mutations in DNA sequence regions not amplified by PCR primers and stop codons resulting in truncated proteins may explain why mutations are not found in some patients with FAP.

There are two possible reasons why mutations may not be found in some patients whose families appear to have familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). These reasons are as follows:

DNA sequence mutations in regions that are not amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification primers are the first possible reason why mutations may not be found in some patients whose families appear to have FAP. These mutations may result from deletions, insertions, duplications, or other DNA rearrangements. In addition, these mutations may occur in regions that are not amplified by the PCR amplification primers.

DNA sequence mutations that cause stop codons, which usually result in truncated proteins, are the second possible reason why mutations may not be found in some patients whose families appear to have FAP. Mutations that generate a premature termination codon, also known as a nonsense mutation, result in truncated proteins.

The nonsense mutation results in the termination of translation and the production of a truncated protein that lacks essential protein domains and functions. The mRNA molecules that result from nonsense mutations are rapidly degraded by a cellular mechanism known as nonsense-mediated mRNA decay.

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Answer:25 , 0

Explanation:

XX©(mother being the carrier as her father was hemophilia- females can only be carrier of hemophilia ) when crossed with normal father produces offspring XX©, XY, XY©, XY. Therefore chances of boy being hemophilia=(1/4)*100=25.

Chances of girl being hemophilia= 0.

Answer:

Enzymes are affected by temperature. So, as temperature increases, enzymes activities also increases, till optimum temperature is reached. If it goes above the optimum temp, the enzymes becomes denatured or can't function anymore due to change in its active site.

As a result, when the temperature is cold, the enzymes doesn't have enough energy to collide and preform effectively because the number of successful collision between enzyme and substrate is reduced.

Enzymes works best at 37*C

Answer:Conglomerate

Explanation:

The rocks are porous depending on the degree of cementation are Conglomerate. Thus, option D is correct.

The rocks which are porous depending on the degree of cementation include the Conglomerate, Coquina, and Dolomite. Porosity is the measure of empty spaces in a particle which permits the passage of compounds such as water etc.

The rocks mentioned above have a lot of empty spaces which permits other substances to pass through them. The remaining rocks are composed of tightly held grains which reduces their porosity.

Igneous rock to metamorphic rock is a metamorphic change that requires significant heat and pressure. The mineralogical fabric is affected by this change. In moving from metamorphic to igneous rock, the melting temperature of a rock must be attained in order for magma to form.

Therefore, The rocks are porous depending on the degree of cementation are Conglomerate. Thus, option D is correct.

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To run an agarose gel electrophoresis of a  DNA sample of approximately 600 base pairs, you should prepare a gel with a 1-2% agarose concentration.

The percentage of agarose directly affects the pore size within the gel matrix. A higher percentage will create smaller pores, while a lower percentage will create larger pores. For a 600 base pair DNA fragment, a 1-2% agarose gel would provide the optimal balance between resolution and migration speed.

A 1-2% agarose gel will allow the 600 base pair fragment to migrate through the pores at a reasonable speed while still providing good resolution between bands. If the agarose concentration is too high, the DNA fragment will migrate slowly and may not separate effectively. Conversely, if the agarose concentration is too low, the DNA fragment may migrate too quickly, leading to a loss of resolution.

Thus, for a 600 base pair DNA sample, preparing a gel with a 1-2% agarose concentration is ideal to achieve a balance between resolution and migration speed, ensuring accurate and efficient separation of DNA fragments.

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Answer:

1.) Asexual and sexual

Untreated gonorrhea can lead to Infertility in women and can cause pelvic inflammatory disease. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) can result in scarring of the tubes, greater risk of pregnancy complications and infertility.

Answer:Bisexual flowers are complete flowers, containing both androecium and gynoecium in one flower. Therefore, bisexual flowers contain both stamens and pistils in the same flower. Hence, bisexual flowers are called hermaphrodite or androgynous flowers as well.

Explanation:

A directional term that means the front side of the body is called as Anterior.

Anatomists, zoologists, and health professionals such as doctors, physicians, and pharmacists utilise anatomical vocabulary, which is a type of scientific language.

Many unique terms, suffixes, and prefixes derived from Ancient Greek and Latin are used in anatomical terminology. These terminology may be new to individuals who are not familiar with them, but they are more precise, eliminating ambiguity and mistakes. Additionally, since these anatomical terminology are seldom employed in ordinary discourse, their meanings are less likely to alter, and less likely to be misconstrued.

A scar "above the wrist" might be on the forearm two or three inches away from the hand or at the base of the hand; and it could be on the palm-side or back-side of the arm. This uncertainty is avoided by utilising accurate anatomical nomenclature.

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The four stages of U.S. psychology are as follows:

1. Structuralism: This stage, led by Wilhelm Wundt and Edward Titchener, focused on analyzing the structure of the mind through introspection. It aimed to identify basic mental elements and their relationships.

2. Functionalism: Led by William James, functionalism emphasized the functions and purposes of the mind and behavior, considering how they helped individuals adapt to their environments. This stage laid the groundwork for the development of applied psychology.

3. Behaviorism: Pioneered by John B. Watson and B.F. Skinner, behaviorism shifted the focus to observable behaviors and their relationships to stimuli and consequences. This stage emphasized the importance of the environment in shaping behavior and dismissed the study of the mind as unscientific.

4. Cognitive Revolution: Beginning in the 1950s and 1960s, the cognitive revolution brought back the study of mental processes, including memory, perception, problem-solving, and language. Researchers like Jean Piaget, Noam Chomsky, and Ulric Neisser contributed to this shift, which emphasized the mind as an information processor.

These stages represent the evolution of U.S. psychology and its varying perspectives on the human mind and behavior.

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Answer:

Elements with the same number of valence electrons have similar chemical properties.

Explanation:

This is because the valence electron number decides the reactivity and bonding capabilities of an atom.

Answer:

An effective vaccine was developed

Explanation:

(I actually learnt about this is history!)

Smallpox was around 75-100 years before 1977, and people continued to die from it especially when there were severe outbreaks (thousands of people lost their lives). The main technique for vaccination was to make a small cut in the patients arm or wrist, and then to rub a smallpox scab into the open wound (inoculation). However this was not as effective as it sometimes, brought infections into the wound, but the success rate was still pretty high.

Edward Jenner was convinced that there could be a more effective way of vaccinating people against the smallpox. Jenner discovered (from a milk maid!), that those that have been infected with cowpox won't catch small pox, as they are from the same family. Instead of small pox being the vaccine, Jenner used weakened cowpox pus instead. This was much effective as the side effect of having cowpox mild, and the patient made a full recovery.

Jenner put this cowpox vaccine in injections so that an open wound is not needed.

By the 1850's the vaccine was made compulsory, but many were against it: still believing that miasma (foul air) was the cause of the small pox. It was made compulsory or face a fine in the mid 1950's, hence small pox was eradicated by 1977

Hope this helps!

Answer:

A

Explanation:

Answer:    Membrane transport proteins are specific and selective for the molecules they move, and they often use energy to catalyze passage. Also, these proteins transport some nutrients against the concentration gradient, which requires additional energy.

Explanation:

Membrane transport proteins play a crucial role in the movement of solutes across biological membranes, including ions, nutrients, neurotransmitters, and a wide range of medications.

What function do transport proteins provide in living membranes?

The cell membrane contains transport proteins that enable the selective transit of particular molecules from the surrounding environment. Each transport protein recognizes a certain chemical only (indicated by matching colors)

The two main kinds of membrane transport proteins are carrier proteins and channel proteins. The specific solute to be transported is bound by carrier proteins (also known as carriers, permeases, or transporters), which then go through a series of conformational changes to move the bound solute across the membrane.

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Answer:

So that the end products (new cells made from the division) will both have DNA to run all its processes to reproduce.

If radioactive sulfur iotas (35S) are available, they will be melded into the protein layers of the bacteriophages since two of the amino acids — cysteine and methionine — contain sulfur. Due to the absence of sulfur atoms in DNA, however, the DNA will not be radioactive.

It has DNA's phosphate backbone in it. As a result, the bacteria that were grown in the medium with 35 S as the only source of sulfur demonstrate that it is incorporated into protein.

Radioactivity was incorporated into the amino acids cysteine and methionine in bacteriophages that were grown in bacteria that contained 35S. In this way, these amino acids with radioactive 35S shaped the proteins of phage.

Because sulfur is found in protein but not DNA, radioactive sulfur-35 was used to label the T2 phage's protein sections.

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Answer: 19

Explanation: an = 3n-5 is the nth term formula, and this is an arithmetic series. Just substitute 8 into where 'n' is.

a(8) = 3(8)-5

=> 24 - 5 = 19

The most superficial layer of the kidney is the cortex. The correct option is e.

The kidney is a complex organ that plays an essential role in regulating the body's fluid and electrolyte balance. It is composed of three main regions: the cortex, medulla, and renal pelvis. The cortex is the outermost layer of the kidney, which contains many of the functional units of the kidney called nephrons.

The renal medulla lies beneath the cortex and consists of cone-shaped renal pyramids, which are separated by columns of cortical tissue. The renal papilla is the apex of each renal pyramid, which projects into a funnel-shaped cavity called the minor calyx.

So, the most superficial layer of the kidney is the cortex.

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Answer:

c

Explanation:

Answer:

The term that describes the relationship in which one organism lives inside the other one is endosymbiosis.

Explanation:

Answer:Earth is constantly changing as energy flows through the system. Geologic, fossil, and ice records provide evidence of significant changes throughout Earth's history. These changes are always associated with changes in the flow of energy through the Earth system. Both living and non- living processes have contributed to this change.

Explanation:that will help you

Answer:

A. A severe flood kills 98% of a successful cricket population leaving only a very small percentage to rebuild the population.

Explanation:

A population bottleneck or genetic bottleneck is a sharp reduction in the size of a population due to environmental events such as famines, earthquakes, floods, fires, disease, and droughts or human activities such as specicide and human population planning.

Answer:

The football flying through the goal

Explanation:

Kinetic energy is basiaclly moving energy. Since only the football going through the goal is moving, that's the one with the most kinetic energy.  

Closer examination will reveal that this animal has the presence of chelicerae but the absence of antennae. The chelicerae are usually segmented pincerlike appendages.

Chelicerates are animals that have two body segments; i.e., a cephalothorax and an abdomen.

Chelicerata is a division within the Arthropoda. These animals have six pairs of appendages.

All chelicerates have eight legs and lack antennae.

Spiders, mites, scorpions, and relatives are chelicerates.

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Answer: radiant, chemical, mechanical, chemical, radiant

Explanation:

Sunlight - electromagnetic energy (radiant)

life - chemical energy

compression - chemical and mechanical energy

retrieve coal - mechanical

burning - chemical, radiant

In Exercise 11.10, the expected value of the number of butterflies found by Alice, Bob, and Charlotte is obtained by finding the expected value of the sum of three indicator random variables.

In Exercise 11.16, the expected value of the number of flips needed to get the second head in a coin flipping experiment is determined. These exercises involve different scenarios of sampling with and without replacement.

In Exercise 11.10, the expected value of X, the total number of butterflies found, is found by calculating the expected value of each indicator random variable (X1, X2, X3) representing whether Alice, Bob, and Charlotte found a butterfly, respectively.

The expected value of each indicator variable can be obtained by multiplying the probability of success (finding a butterfly) by 1 and the probability of failure (not finding a butterfly) by 0. Then, the expected value of X is calculated as the sum of the expected values of the indicator variables.

In Exercise 11.16, the expected value of X, the number of flips needed to get the second head, is determined. To find this value, we first need to find the expected value of getting the first head. This scenario is similar to Example 11.11, which involves sampling with replacement.

Each coin flip is an independent event, and the probability of getting a head is constant at 0.5.

Therefore, the expected value of getting the first head is 1/p, where p is the probability of success (0.5 in this case).

In Exercise 11.17 (a), the scenario of waiting for a favorite song in Michael's iTunes playlist involves sampling without replacement. Each song played is not replayed, and there is only one favorite song among the total number of songs.

Therefore, this scenario is similar to Example 11.10, sampling without replacement.

To find the expected number of songs Michael needs to listen to until his favorite song comes up, the formula for sampling without replacement is used, which is the reciprocal of the probability of selecting the favorite song at each step.

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Answer: Biomagnification refers to the process by which the concentration of a contaminant increases as you move to higher trophic levels in a food chain or food web. In other words, as organisms consume other organisms, the contaminants present in the prey accumulate and become more concentrated in the bodies of the predators.

To understand this process, let's consider an example involving a water ecosystem. Suppose a pollutant is released into the water, such as a pesticide or heavy metal. The primary producers, such as algae or aquatic plants, absorb small amounts of the contaminant from the water. As herbivorous organisms consume these primary producers, they ingest the contaminants along with their food.

Since the contaminant is not easily broken down or eliminated from the organisms' bodies, it accumulates over time. As a result, the concentration of the contaminant becomes higher in the herbivores than in the primary producers. Now, when carnivorous organisms consume the herbivores, they not only accumulate the contaminant from their own food but also from all the prey they have consumed. This leads to an even higher concentration of the contaminant in the carnivores.

Therefore, biomagnification describes the phenomenon where the concentration of a contaminant increases significantly as you move up the food chain or trophic levels. The highest concentration of contaminants is often found in top predators, such as large fish, birds of prey, or mammals, which can have adverse effects on their health and reproductive capabilities.

It's important to note that biomagnification primarily occurs for persistent and non-biodegradable contaminants that cannot be easily metabolized or excreted by organisms. These contaminants are often lipophilic (fat-soluble), which allows them to accumulate in fatty tissues and remain in the organism's body for long periods, leading to biomagnification.

Explanation:

Answer:

This your answer below the image!!!

Explanation: