Find: factor of safety (n)for point A and B by using both MSS and DE (you can neglect shear stress due to shear force and also neglect stress concentration)
Answers
Answer:
Hello your question is incomplete attached below is the complete question
Answer : Factor of safety for point A :
i) using MSS
(Fos)MSS = 3.22
ii) using DE
(Fos)DE = 3.27
Factor of safety for point B
i) using MSS
(Fos)MSS = 3.04
ii) using DE
(Fos)DE = 3.604
Explanation:
Factor of safety for point A :
i) using MSS
(Fos)MSS = 3.22
ii) using DE
(Fos)DE = 3.27
Factor of safety for point B
i) using MSS
(Fos)MSS = 3.04
ii) using DE
(Fos)DE = 3.604
Attached below is the detailed solution
Related Questions
A large flat wall of thickness L=0.78 ft, thermal conductivity of 1.62 Btu/h.ft.°F. The The wall is covered by a material with an emissivity of 0.5 and an absorptivity of 0.52. The Surrounding temperature is 30R.
Answers
Radiation is the heat transfer mode through thermal radiation(TR) between the wall surface and the surroundings.
The net radiative heat transfer(Q) rate (Q_rad) can be calculated using the following equation: Q_rad = ε * σ * A * (T_surface^4 - T_surroundings^4).
ε is the emissivity of the wall surface (0.5)σ is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant (5.67 x 10^-8 W/(m^2·K^4))A is the surface area of the wallT_surface is the temperature of the wall surface (assuming you have this information)T_surroundings is the temperature of the surroundings (given as 30R)To analyze the heat transfer through the wall, we need additional information such as the wall's surface area, the temperature on the other side of the wall, and whether there is any heat generation or external heat flux applied to the wall. With the given information, I can provide a general overview of the heat transfer processes involved.
Conduction:Conduction is the heat transfer mode through the solid wall due to the temperature difference across its thickness. The rate of heat transfer by conduction (Q_cond) can be calculated using Fourier's law of heat conduction:Q_cond = (k * A * ΔT) / L
Where:
k is the thermal conductivity of the wall material (1.62 Btu/h.ft.°F)A is the surface area of the wallΔT is the temperature difference across the wall (assuming you have the temperatures on both sides)
2. Convection:
Convection is the heat transfer mode between the wall surface and the surrounding fluid (air, for example). Since the surrounding temperature is given as 30R, you can calculate the temperature difference (ΔT_conv) between the wall surface and the surrounding fluid. The convective heat transfer rate (Q_conv) can be calculated using the following equation:Q_conv = h * A * ΔT_conv
Where:
h is the convective heat transfer coefficient between the wall and the fluid (depends on the flow conditions and surface characteristics)A is the surface area of the wallΔT_conv is the temperature difference between the wall surface and the surrounding fluid (assuming you have the wall surface temperature)To know more about Thermal conductivity visit:
https://brainly.com/question/30900274
#SPJ11
At a certain location, wind is blowing steadily at 7 m/s. Determine the mechanical energy of air per unit mass and the power generation potential of a wind turbine with 80-m-diameter blades at that location. Also determine the actual electric power generation assuming an overall efficiency of 30 percent. Take the air density to be 1.25 kg/m3.
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
From the information given;
The velocity of the wind blow V = 7 m/s
The diameter of the blades (d) = 80 m
Percentage of the overall efficiency \(\eta_{overall} = 30\%\)
The density of air \(\rho = 1.25 kg/km^3\)
Then, we can use the concept of the kinetic energy of the wind blowing to estimate the mechanic energy of air per unit mass by using the formula:
\(e_{mechanic} = \dfrac{mV^2}{2}\)
here;
m = \(\rho AV\)
= \(1.25 \times \dfrac{\pi}{4}(80)^2 \times 7\)
= 43982.29 kg/s
∴
\(W = e_{mechanic} = \dfrac{mV^2}{2}\)
\(= \dfrac{43982.29 \times 7^2}{2}\)
\(= 1077566.105 \ W\)
\(\mathbf{ =1077.566 \ kW}\)
The actual electric power is:
\(W_{electric} = \eta_{overall} \times W\)
\(W_{electric} = 0.3 \times 1077.566\)
\(\mathbf{W_{electric} =323.26 \ kW}\)
Please help me answer this engineering question
Answers
6 A square silicon chip (k 150 W/m K) is of width w 5 mm on a side and of thickness t 1 mm. The chip is mounted in a substrate such that its side and back surfaces are insulated, while the front surface is exposed to a coolant. If 4 W are being dissipated in circuits mounted to the back surface of the chip, what is the steady-state temperature difference between back and front surfaces
Answers
Answer:
1.1⁰C
Explanation:
Width W = 5mm = 0.005
Thickness t = 1 mm = 0.001
K = thermal conductivity = 150W/m.K
P = q = heat transfer rate = 4W
We are to find the steady state temperature between the back and the front surface
We have to make these assumptions:
1. There is steady state conduction
2. The heat flow is of one dimension
3. The thermal conductivity is constant
4. The heat dissipation is uniform
We have:
∆t = t*P/k*W²
= (0.001m x 4W)/150x(0.005)²
= 0.004/0.00375
= 1.06667
This is approximately,
1.1⁰C
Thank you!
charging method .Constant current method
Answers
Answer:
There are three common methods of charging a battery; constant voltage, constant current and a combination of constant voltage/constant current with or without a smart charging circuit.
Constant voltage allows the full current of the charger to flow into the battery until the power supply reaches its pre-set voltage. The current will then taper down to a minimum value once that voltage level is reached. The battery can be left connected to the charger until ready for use and will remain at that “float voltage”, trickle charging to compensate for normal battery self-discharge.
Constant current is a simple form of charging batteries, with the current level set at approximately 10% of the maximum battery rating. Charge times are relatively long with the disadvantage that the battery may overheat if it is over-charged, leading to premature battery replacement. This method is suitable for Ni-MH type of batteries. The battery must be disconnected, or a timer function used once charged.
Constant voltage / constant current (CVCC) is a combination of the above two methods. The charger limits the amount of current to a pre-set level until the battery reaches a pre-set voltage level. The current then reduces as the battery becomes fully charged. The lead acid battery uses the constant current constant voltage (CC/CV) charge method. A regulated current raises the terminal voltage until the upper charge voltage limit is reached, at which point the current drops due to saturation.
A 1010 hot rolled steel bar has been machined to a diameter of 25 mm. It is to be placed in reversed axial loading for 100000 cycles to failure in an operating environment of 400
∘
C. Using ASTM minimum properties, and a reliability of 99 percent, estimate the endurance limit and fatigue strength at 100000 cycles.
Answers
The fatigue strength and the endurance limit of the given steel bar at 100000 cycles are 0.970 MPa and 87.6 MPa, respectively.
The given information is:
Hot-rolled steel bar: 1010
Material diameter: 25 mm
Number of cycles to failure: 100000 cycles
Operating environment temperature: 400 °C
Reliability: 99%
Fatigue strength and endurance limit are to be calculated using the ASTM minimum properties.
Calculation of the fatigue strength of the given steel bar:
The formula to calculate the fatigue strength of the steel bar is as follows:
Fatigue strength (Sf) = [Uts × k × b × c × d × e × f] / Nf
Where,
Uts = The ultimate tensile strength of the material
k = The fatigue strength reduction factor (from Fig. 3-47, use the approximate value of 0.9)
B = The size factor (for a diameter of 25 mm, the size factor is 0.869)
C = The surface factor (for a machined surface, the surface factor is 0.85)
d = The reliability factor (for a reliability of 99%, the reliability factor is 1.459)
e = The miscellaneous effects factor (use the approximate value of 1)
f = The temperature factor (for an operating temperature of 400 °C, the temperature factor is 0.394)
Nf = The number of cycles to failure (100000 cycles)
Given,
Uts = 390 MPa,
k = 0.9,
B = 0.869,
C = 0.85,
d = 1.459,
e = 1,
f = 0.394, and
Nf = 100000 cycles.
Substituting the values in the formula, we get:
Sf = [(390 × 0.9 × 0.869 × 0.85 × 1.459 × 1 × 0.394) / 100000] MPa
Sf = 0.970 MPa
Calculation of the endurance limit of the given steel bar:
The formula to calculate the endurance limit of the steel bar is as follows:
Endurance limit (Se) = [0.5 × Uts × k × c × d × e × f]
Given,
Uts = 390 MPa,
k = 0.9,
C = 0.85,
d = 1.459,
e = 1,
f = 0.394.
Substituting the values in the formula, we get:
Se = [0.5 × 390 × 0.9 × 0.85 × 1.459 × 1 × 0.394] MPa
Se = 87.6 MPa
Learn more about fatigue strength from the given link
https://brainly.com/question/31485413
#SPJ11
A rectangular block of 1m by 0.6m by 0.4m floats in water with 1/5th of its volume being out of water. Find the weight of the block.
Answers
Answer:
Weight of block is 191.424 Kg
Explanation:
The volume of rectangular block = \(1*0.6*0.4 = 0.24\) cubic meter
1/5th of its volume being out of water which means water of volume nearly 4/5 th of the volume of rectangular block is replaced
Volume of replaced water = \(\frac{4}{5} * 0.24 = 0.192\) cubic meter
Weight of replaced water = weight of rectangular block = \(0.192 * 997\) Kg/M3
= 191.424 Kg
Structural engineers use wireless sensor networks to monitor the condition of dams and bridges.
a. True
b. False
Answers
Answer: True
Explanation:
Structural engineering is simply referred to as a branch of civil engineering, and they help in the designing of structures like buildings, dams, tunnels, bridges, tunnels, etc. Structural engineers typically work as consultants.
Wireless sensor networks are used by structural engineers to monitor the condition of dams and bridges. Wireless sensor network refers are dedicated sensors that are used in monitoring the physical conditions of the bridges and to know if they're still in good conditions.
Tetrahymena thermophila protozoa have a minimum doubling time of 6.5 hours when grown using bacteria as the limiting substrate. The yield of protozoal biomass is 0.33 g per g of bacteria and the substrate constant is 12 mg/ l. The protozoa are cultured at steady state in a chemostat using a feed stream containing 10 g/ l of nonviable bacteria. What is the maximum dilution rate for operation of the chemostat?
Answers
Answer:
The answer is "\(\bold {3.3 \ \frac{g}{L}}\)"
Explanation:
If the endogenous metabolic rate wasn’t substantial after, which \(\mu_{net} = \mu_{max} = \frac{0.693}{ \text{ doubling period}}\) .
Throughout the calculating of doubling the time is set at 6.5 hours, consequently \(\mu_{max} = \frac{0.693}{6.5} = \frac{0.1}{hours}.\)
Know we calculate the two-equation,
Initially, the maximum dilution frequency for \(D_{max}\) that is:
\(D_{max}= \mu _{max}\times \frac{[S_0]}{{K_s + [S_0]}} .....(a)\)
In secondary the steady concentration of state cells X,
\(X = \frac{Y_{\frac{x}{s}} (s[S_0]-K_sD)}{(\mu _{max}-D)}...... (b)\)
In this section, we will display the \(Y_{\frac{x}{s}}\) , that is equal to \(0.33\ \frac{g}{g-substrate}\), and the value of the \(K_s = 12 \times 10^{-3} \ \frac{g}{L}\).
For equation (a):
\(D_{max} = 0.1 \times \frac{10}{ (12 \times 10^{-3} + 10)}\)
\(= 0.1 \times \frac{10}{ (\frac{12}{10^{3}} + 10)}\\\\= 0.1 \times \frac{10}{ 0.012 + 10)}\\\\= 0.1 \times \frac{10}{ 10.012}\\\\=0.1 \times 0.9988\\\\= 0.09988\\\\= 0.1 \ \ \frac{1}{h}\)
In the Operating value is equal to \(D =\frac{1}{2}\) of \(D_{max}\), so D is =\(\frac{0.05}{h}\) in our case.
Finally, the amount of protozoa cells in equation (b):
\(X = 0.33 \times (10 - 12 \times 10^{-3} \times \frac{0.05}{(0.1 - 0.05)})\\\\X = 0.33 \times (10 - 12 \times 10^{-3} \times \frac{0.05}{-0.05})\\\\X = 0.33 \times (10 - 12 \times 10^{-3} \times -1 )\\\\X = 0.33 \times (10 + \frac{12}{10^{-3}} )\\\\X = 0.33 \times ( 10.012 )\\\\X= 3.303\\\)
Technician A says white smoke in the exhaust of a diesel engine can be the result of a cylinder misfire in a warm engine. Technician B says blue smoke in the exhaust of a diesel engine can be caused by scored cylinder walls. Who is correct?
Answers
Answer:
Both
Explanation:
Because of water, fuel does not burn completely. This brings about water fumes that are white in color and looks like white smoke. If engine is cold and water is heating, it leads to steam formation like water vapor. The white times are because of not firing properly in the heated engine. Technician A is right.
Blue fine is caused by this scoring. It is also caused by dirty oil. Technician b is right too
Three single-phase loads in parallel are supplied from a 1400V (RMS), 60 Hz supply. The loads are as follows: Load 1: Inductive load: 125 kVA, 0.28 power factor Load 2: Capacitive load: 10 kW, 40 kVAR Load 3: Resistive load: 15 kW Find the total kW, kVAR, kVA, and supply power factor. (5 points) Find the capacitive correction (in kVARs) required to improve the power factor to 0.8 and calculate the supply current with this correction in place. (10 points) What is the least current that can service these three loads and how much compensation would it require
Answers
Answer:
The answer is below
Explanation:
\(\theta_1=cos^{-1}0.28=73.74^o\ lagging\\\\S_1=125\angle 73.74^o=35\ kW+j120\ kVAR\\\\S_2=10\ kW-j40\ kVAR\\\\S_3=15\ kW\)
Total power = P = 35 kW + 10 kW + 15 kW = 60 kW
Total kVAR = 120 kVAR - 40 kVAR = 80 kVAR
\(Total\ apparent \ power =S= S_1+S_2+S_3=(35+j120)+(10-j40)+(15)\\\\S=60\ kW+j80\ kVAR=100\angle 53.13^o\\\\Current(I)=\frac{S^*}{V^*} \frac{100000\angle -53.13^o}{1400\angle0}=71.43\angle-53.13^o\\ \\Power\ factor (PF)=cos(53.13)=0.6\ lagging\\\\The \ new\ power\ factor\ is\ to \ be\ 0.8[cos^{-1}0.8=36.87^o], hence\ since\ the\ total\ \\real\ power(P)= 60\ kW, the\ capacitor\ kVAR(Q_c)\ is:\\\\Q_c=60tan(53.13)-60tan(36.87)=80-45=35\ kVAR\\\\\)
\(C=\frac{Q_c}{wV^2} =\frac{35000\ VAR}{2\pi*60\ Hz*1400\ V}=47.38\ \mu f\)
New current (I') = \(\frac{S'^*}{V^*}=\frac{60000-j45000}{1400}=53.57\angle-36.87^o\)
Current reduce from 71.43 A to 53.57 A
Moving either throttle past 85% N2 cable pos will do what to speed brakes
Answers
When moving either throttle past the 85% N2 cable position, the speed brakes will automatically retract.
This is because increasing the throttle to such a high level indicates the need for more power and acceleration, and having the speed brakes deployed would counteract this by creating drag and slowing the aircraft down. Retracting the speed brakes allows for a smoother and more efficient increase in speed.
The reason the speed brakes automatically retract when the throttle is moved past the 85% N2 cable position is because this is typically the point at which an aircraft is transitioning from climb to cruise.
During the climb, the speed brakes are often extended to help control the speed of the aircraft and maintain a safe climb rate. However, as the aircraft approaches cruise altitude, the engines need to produce more power to maintain the desired speed and altitude. Moving the throttle past the 85% N2 cable position increases the engine power, which can lead to a rapid increase in speed if the speed brakes are still extended. Therefore, the speed brakes are automatically retracted to prevent an overspeed condition and ensure the safe operation of the aircraft.
It's worth noting that this specific behavior may vary depending on the type of aircraft and its design. However, in general, the speed brakes are designed to be used during certain phases of flight and are automatically retracted when no longer needed to prevent unintended consequences.
to know more about throttle:
https://brainly.com/question/15865854
#SPJ11
a #6 rebar breaks when a load of 31,000 lbs is applied. what is the fracture stress?
Answers
Fracture stress, also known as tensile strength or ultimate tensile strength, is the maximum stress a material can withstand before it fractures or breaks. It is an important mechanical property of materials and is typically measured using standardized tests such as tensile or compression tests.
To calculate the fracture stress of a #6 rebar, you'll need to follow these steps:
1. Determine the cross-sectional area of the rebar: A #6 rebar has a diameter of 0.75 inches. The area (A) can be calculated using the formula A = π(d/2)^2, where d is the diameter. So, A = π(0.75/2)^2 ≈ 0.44 square inches.
2. Calculate the fracture stress: Fracture stress (σ) is the force (F) divided by the cross-sectional area (A). In this case, the force is 31,000 lbs, and the area is 0.44 square inches. So, σ = F/A = 31,000 lbs / 0.44 sq in ≈ 70,455 psi.
The fracture stress for the #6 rebar when a load of 31,000 lbs is applied is approximately 70,455 psi.
To know more about Fracture stress visit:
https://brainly.com/question/29633198
#SPJ11
Ngaire was working on equipment that had been locked and tagged out. She was in a hurry and really tired)
so didn't check that stored energy had been safely released. She had all her PPE on so felt pretty safe as it
was only steam in the pipe.
A senior operator was supposed to do the job with her helping as she wasn't trained, but was called away
She had seen him do it before and wanted to help.
As she worked, steam burst out from a valve burning her left arm and narrowly missing her face. She ended
up with 2nd degree burns which became infected so she is off work for 5 weeks.
1. What were the hazard(s) and risk(s)?
Hazard:
Risk:
2. What was the worst thing that could have happened?
3. What Safety Rules should have been followed?
4. What Tools could have prevented this incident and HOW?
5. What would you have done differently?
6. What do you think is the most important thing that should have been done or
not done?
Answers
Hazard: Stored energy in the locked and tagged out equipment (steam in the pipe).
Risk: Failure to release stored energy leading to a sudden steam burst and resulting burns.
What is the worst thing to happen?The worst thing that could have happened is Ngaire sustaining more severe burns, potentially affecting her face or causing life-threatening injuries.
Safety Rules that should have been followed:
a. Always ensure stored energy is safely released before working on equipment.
b. Only perform tasks for which one is properly trained and authorized.
c. Do not rush or take shortcuts when it comes to safety procedures.
Tools that could have prevented this incident:
a. Lockout/tagout devices: These tools ensure that energy sources are isolated and equipment cannot be operated.
b. Verification checklist: A documented process to confirm that stored energy has been released before commencing work.
What could have been done differently:
Ngaire should not have attempted to work on the equipment without proper training and authorization. She should have waited for the senior operator or sought assistance from another trained individual.
The most important thing that should have been done:
Ngaire should have prioritized her safety and followed established procedures, including verifying that stored energy was safely released. Taking shortcuts or disregarding safety protocols can lead to serious incidents and injuries.
Read more about safety precautions here:
https://brainly.com/question/14367881
#SPJ1
Why does the Medium Access Control Protocol require computers to wait a random amount of time before attempting retransmission after a collision occurs?
Answers
The Medium Access Control Protocol requires computers to wait a random amount of time before attempting retransmission after a collision occurs to avoid the reoccurrence of a collision during transmission, which would result in a collision again.
The Medium Access Control (MAC) Protocol is a protocol that governs the exchange of data packets between computers or devices connected to a common communication network. The protocol's primary objective is to avoid data packet collision, which occurs when two or more computers attempt to transmit data packets simultaneously over a network.
In conclusion, computers must wait a random amount of time before attempting retransmission after a collision occurs to avoid the reoccurrence of a collision during transmission, which would result in a collision again. The Medium Access Control Protocol requires this to take place.
You can learn more about Medium Access Control Protocol at
https://brainly.com/question/16913186
#SPJ11
using a diagram, explain five(5) factors that shift the aggregate demand and aggregate supply. (10 marks)
Answers
Refer to the attachments
Answer:
Refer to attachements hope its help
John plans to deposit $1000 at the end of next year into an account that earns 10% year. Further, he estimates that his deposits will increase by $100 per year for only 10 years thereafter, then cease. The closest equivalent present worth is: less than $8,000 between $8,000−8,300 Between $8,300−$8,600 Higher than $8,600
Answers
The closest equivalent present worth of John's deposits is less than $8,000.
To determine the closest equivalent present worth of John's deposits, we need to calculate the present value of the cash flows he will make.
The deposit of $1000 at the end of the next year can be considered a future value (FV). We need to calculate its present value (PV) using the formula:
PV = FV / (1 + r)^n
Where:
FV = $1000
r = interest rate = 10% = 0.10
n = number of years = 1
PV = $1000 / (1 + 0.10)^1 = $909.09
Next, we calculate the present value of the increasing deposits of $100 per year for 10 years. These cash flows form an arithmetic progression with a common difference of $100.
Using the formula for the sum of an arithmetic progression, we can find the present value of these cash flows:
PV = (n/2) * (2a + (n-1)d)
Where:
n = number of terms = 10
a = first term = $100
d = common difference = $100
PV = (10/2) * (2*100 + (10-1)*100) = 5 * (200 + 9 * 100) = $5,500
Now, we can sum up the present values of both cash flows:
PV = $909.09 + $5,500 = $6,409.09
The closest equivalent present worth is between $8,000 - $8,300. Since the calculated present value is lower than $8,000, the closest equivalent present worth is less than $8,000.
Learn more about deposits here :-
https://brainly.com/question/22697743
#SPJ11
what benefit is a reduced time lost in Osha
Answers
It is to be noted that in OSHA, reducing time lost due to injuries and accidents can lead to increased productivity and efficiency, improved financial performance, and better employee morale and retention.
What is OSHA?The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 established the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) to safeguard employees' safety and health by creating and enforcing standards and providing training, outreach, information, and support.
Reducing time lost due to injuries and accidents can have a number of advantages for a business. By reducing injuries and accidents, a firm may save time and money on absenteeism, medical care, and workers' compensation claims. This can lead to enhanced production and efficiency, which can contribute to better financial performance.
Learn more about OSHA:
https://brainly.com/question/29345131
#SPJ1
What signal propagation phenomena causes the diffusion, or the reflection in multiple different directions, of a signal?
Answers
In the radio communication system, multipath is the propagation phenomenon that causes diffusion or reflection in multiple different directions of a signal.
Multipath is a propagation mechanism that impacts the propagation of signals in radio communication. Multipath results in the transmission of data to the receiving antenna by two or more paths. Diffusion and reflection are the causes that create multiple paths for the signal to be delivered.
Diffraction occurs when a signal bends around sharp corners; while reflection occurs when a signal impinges on a smooth object. When a signal is received through more than one path because of the diffraction or reflection, it creates phase shifting and interference of the signal.
You can learn more about signal propagation at
https://brainly.com/question/14452898
#SPJ4
Define a function FlipVector() that takes an input integer vector parameter and an output integer vector parameter passed by reference. The function copies all the elements in the input vector to the output vector in reversed order.
Ex: If the input is 3 -3 3 1, the vector has 3 elements {-3, 3, 1}. Then, the output is:
1 3 -3
#include
#include
using namespace std;
/* Your code goes here */
int main() {
int i;
vector inputVector;
vector reversed;
int size;
int input;
cin >> size;
for (i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
cin >> input;
inputVector.push_back(input);
}
FlipVector(inputVector, reversed);
for (i = 0; i < reversed.size(); ++i) {
cout << reversed.at(i) << endl;
}
return 0;
}
Answers
The implementation of the FlipVector() function is illustrated in the explanations.
What happens in this implementation?Here's an implementation of the FlipVector() function as per the requirements:
#include <vector>
void FlipVector(const std::vector<int>& inputVector, std::vector<int>& reversed) {
reversed.clear(); // Clear any previous contents of the output vector
for (int i = inputVector.size() - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
reversed.push_back(inputVector[i]); // Copy the elements in reverse order
}
}
In this implementation, we iterate over the inputVector in reverse order using a loop variable i that starts at inputVector.size() - 1 and decrements by 1 in each iteration until it reaches 0. During each iteration, we push the element at index i into the reversed vector using the push_back() method.
Learn more about inputVector here: https://brainly.com/question/31240089
#SPJ1
A cylindrical specimen of a hypothetical metal alloy is stressed in compression. If its original and final diameters are 20.000 and 20.025 mm, respectively, and its final length is 74.96 mm, compute its original length if the deformation is totally elastic. The elastic and shear moduli for this alloy are 105 GPa and 39.7 GPa, respectively.
Answers
Answer:
L = 75.25 mm
Explanation:
First we need to find the lateral strain:
Lateral Strain = Change in Diameter/Original Diameter
Lateral Strain = (20.025 mm - 20 mm)/20 mm
Lateral Strain = 1.25 x 10⁻³
Now, we will find the Poisson's Ratio:
Poisson's Ratio = (E/2G) - 1
where,
E = Elastic Modulus = 105 GPa
G = Shear Modulus = 39.7 GPa
Therefore,
Poisson's Ratio = [(105 GPa)/(2)(39.7 GPa)] - 1
Poisson's Ratio = 0.322
Now, we find longitudinal strain by following formula:
Poisson's Ratio = - Lateral Strain/Longitudinal Strain
Longitudinal Strain = - Lateral Strain/Poisson's Ratio
Longitudinal Strain = - (1.25 x 10⁻³)/0.322
Longitudinal Strain = - 3.87 x 10⁻³
Now, we can fin the original length:
Longitudinal Strain = Change in Length/L
where,
L = Original Length = ?
Therefore,
- 3.87 x 10⁻³ = (74.96 mm - L)/L
(- 3.87 x 10⁻³)(L) + L = 74.96 mm
0.99612 L = 74.96 mm
L = 74.96 mm/0.99612
L = 75.25 mm
EXERCISE 7.2 1. At a point in a strained material, the principal stresses are 100 MPa and 50 MPa both tensile, Find the normal and shear stresses at a section inclined at 60° with the axis of the major princi- pal stress. (Ans. 87.5 MPa: 21.65 MPa
Answers
The normal stress is 62.5 MPa and the shear stress is 21.65 MPa.
The principal stresses are 100 MPa and 50 MPa both tensile,
Normal stress:
We know that normal stress is given by;
Normal stress = (σ1 + σ2)/2 + (σ1 - σ2)/2 cos 2θ
where,σ1 = 100 MPaσ2
= 50 MPaθ
= 60°
Normal stress = (100 + 50)/2 + (100 - 50)/2 cos 2×60°
= 75 MPa + 25 cos 120°
= 75 - 25/2
= 62.5 MPa
Shear stress:
We know that shear stress is given by;
Shear stress = (σ1 - σ2)/2 sin 2θ
Shear stress = (100 - 50)/2 sin 2×60°
= 25√3/2
= 21.65 MPa
Learn more about Shear from the given link
https://brainly.com/question/30407832
#SPJ11
The satisficing decision maker is best characterized as:A) a decision confirmation process.B) following bounded rationality.C) a search for consistency.D) seeking a "good enough" solution.
Answers
Using the satisficing technique, the decision-maker selects the first alternative that meets his or her minimum standards of satisfaction.
A manager's values, which also shape their ethics, have an impact on the alternatives, determining factors, and performance measurements that are used in the decision-making process. When making decisions, the term "satisficing" refers to picking the outcome that is more acceptable or satisfactory than the best. concentrating on what matters rather than exerting maximum effort to achieve the ideal result when faced with tasks brainly.com/question/14925666 on practical effort. The satisficing decision-making paradigm states that satisficing decision-makers always pick the first option that appeals to them. It might not be connected to the greatest answer. It suggests that decision-makers should focus only on options that meet a set of essential criteria for sufficiency. satisficing in terms of making decisions. Choose the cheapest alternative.
Learn more about Satisficing here:
https://brainly.com/question/29616911
#SPJ4
According to astm d2487, a piece of stone with a 1.5-inch diameter is considered:______.
Answers
Answer: Your answer friend is Boulder. Good luck man
Explanation:
A pipe 120 mm diameter carries water with a head of 3 m. the pipe descends 12 m in altitude and reduces to 80 mm diameter, the pressure head at this point is 13 m. Determine the velocity in the small pipe and the rate of discharge (in L/s)? Take the density is 1000 kg/m³.
Answers
Given:
- Diameter of the first pipe (D1): 120 mm = 0.12 m
- Diameter of the second pipe (D2): 80 mm = 0.08 m
- Head at the first pipe (H1): 3 m
- Altitude change (Δh): 12 m
- Head at the second pipe (H2): 13 m
- Density of water (ρ): 1000 kg/m³
Step 1: Calculate the velocities in the pipes using Bernoulli's equation.
Applying Bernoulli's equation between the two points in each pipe:
For the first pipe:
P1/ρ + V1²/2g + H1 = constant (1)
For the second pipe:
P2/ρ + V2²/2g + H2 = constant (2)
Since the pipes are open to the atmosphere, we can assume P1 = P2 = atmospheric pressure (approximately).
Simplifying equation (1):
V1²/2g + H1 = constant (3)
Simplifying equation (2):
V2²/2g + H2 = constant (4)
Step 2: Solve for the velocities V1 and V2.
Using equation (3) for the first pipe:
V1²/2g + 3 = constant (5)
Using equation (4) for the second pipe:
V2²/2g + 13 = constant (6)
Step 3: Solve for the velocities V1 and V2.
Since the constants in equations (5) and (6) are the same (as it is a continuous flow), we can equate the two equations:
V1²/2g + 3 = V2²/2g + 13
V1²/2g - V2²/2g = 10
(V1² - V2²)/(2g) = 10
V1² - V2² = 20g
V1² = V2² + 20g (equation 7)
Step 4: Convert the diameter to radius for each pipe.
r1 = D1/2 = 0.12/2 = 0.06 m
r2 = D2/2 = 0.08/2 = 0.04 m
Step 5: Calculate the rate of discharge (Q) using the continuity equation.
The continuity equation states that the product of the cross-sectional area (A) and the velocity (V) is constant in a flowing fluid.
Q1 = Q2 (since it is a continuous flow)
A1V1 = A2V2
πr1²V1 = πr2²V2
(r1²V1)/(r2²) = V2
Step 6: Calculate the velocity in the smaller pipe (V2).
Substitute the values in equation (7):
V1² = V2² + 20g
(V1²r2²)/(r1²) = V2²
(0.06²V2²)/(0.04²) = V2²
V2² = (0.06²V1²)/(0.04²) [Substitute V1² = 2g(3) from equation (5)]
V2² = (0.06² × 2g × 3)/(0.04²)
V2² = 0.27g
V2 = √(0.27g)
Step 7: Calculate the rate of discharge (Q) in L/s.
Discuss on forced convection heat transfer with real examples.
Answers
Answer:
forced convection
Explanation:
When a fan, pump or suction device is used to facilitate convection, the result is forced convection. Everyday examples of this can be seen with air conditioning, central heating, a car radiator using fluid, or a convection oven.
In the context of value engineering!
Describe the theory of value between value, function, quality and cost. Define each of the components.
Answers
In the context of value engineering, the theory of value revolves around the relationship between value, function, quality, and cost.
These components play essential roles in assessing the worth and effectiveness of a product, system, or process. Let's define each of these components:
1. Value: Value represents the overall worth or benefit derived from a product, system, or process. It is a subjective measure that considers the satisfaction of needs, expectations, and requirements. Value is determined by the balance between the benefits received and the resources expended to obtain those benefits.
2. Function: Function refers to the purpose or intended use of a product, system, or process. It encompasses the specific tasks, activities, or operations that the entity is designed to perform. The functional requirements drive the design and development process to ensure that the entity can fulfill its intended function effectively.
3. Quality: Quality relates to the degree of excellence or superiority of a product, system, or process in meeting the specified requirements and expectations. It encompasses factors such as reliability, durability, performance, safety, and customer satisfaction. Quality is an important determinant of value as it directly influences the user experience and long-term reliability of the entity.
4. Cost: Cost refers to the monetary investment or resources required to acquire, develop, operate, and maintain a product, system, or process. It includes both direct costs (e.g., materials, labor) and indirect costs (e.g., maintenance, training). Cost is a crucial factor in value engineering as it influences the economic feasibility and profitability of the entity.
The theory of value in value engineering involves maximizing the value derived from a product, system, or process by optimizing the relationship between function, quality, and cost. By understanding the functional requirements and aligning them with the desired level of quality while minimizing costs, value engineering seeks to identify opportunities for improvement, innovation, and cost savings without compromising performance or user satisfaction.
Through a systematic analysis and evaluation process, value engineering aims to enhance the value proposition by optimizing the function, improving the quality, and reducing costs. This approach ensures that the final outcome provides the highest possible value to the stakeholders, aligning with their needs and expectations while being economically efficient.
Learn more about engineering at: brainly.com/question/31140236
#SPJ11
when solving the impact problems, we should always assume that during an impact between two bodies, there is no permanent deformation in the bodies.
true
false
Answers
False. When solving impact problems, we cannot always assume that during an impact between two bodies, there is no permanent deformation in the bodies.
The assumption of no permanent deformation is only valid for elastic collisions. In inelastic collisions, there can be permanent deformation or even the joining of the two bodies after impact.
To learn more about assumption impact : https://brainly.com/question/31274972
#SPJ11
The term route of entry on an SDS refers to the way a _____ enters the body
Answers
Answer:
No matter what u post on a football page, some fatherless dude will either say "pessi" or "penaldo"
(GIVING BRAINIRLY)does anyone know what this is? is it a sliding glass door or?
Answers
This is likely because the wall seems to be containing a “pocket” for the door when it is moved.
When the door is in the pocket, the wall formerly containing the door will be exposed.
This is added to let the builder/designer to know that it is not a traditional door
I don’t know what else it could be…
I hope this helps