Using the stars and bars method again, we have 5 bars and 8 stars, which results in equation C(13,5) = 13! / (5! * 8!) = 1287 number of solutions.
To find the number of solutions for the equation x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 + x5 + x6 = 29 with x1 ≥ 1, we can reframe the equation as (x1 - 1) + x2 + x3 + x4 + x5 + x6 = 28. Now, we can use the stars-and-bars method to determine the number of solutions. There are 5 bars and 28 stars, which gives us a total of 33 positions. We need to choose 5 positions for the bars, so the number of solutions is C(33,5) = 33! / (5! * 28!) = 23751.
For the equation with x1 ≥ 1, x2 ≥ 2, x3 ≥ 3, x4 ≥ 4, x5 ≥ 5, and x6 ≥ 6, we can rewrite it as (x1 - 1) + (x2 - 2) + (x3 - 3) + (x4 - 4) + (x5 - 5) + (x6 - 6) = 8. Using the stars-and-bars method again, we have 5 bars and 8 stars, which results in C(13,5) = 13! / (5! * 8!) = 1287.
For the equation with x1 ≥ 5, we can rewrite it as (x1 - 5) + x2 + x3 + x4 + x5 + x6 = 24. Using the stars-and-bars method, there are 5 bars and 24 stars, which gives us C(29,5) = 29! / (5! * 24!) = 118755.
Unfortunately, the given constraints for option D are not clear enough to provide a solution. Please rephrase or clarify the constraints for this scenario, and I'll be happy to help you find the number of solutions.
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Of 734 students, 442 are taking mathematics. What angle (in degrees) of a circle would show the percent of students taking mathematics? (Round your answer to the nearest whole degree.)
We need to find the angle (rounded to the nearest whole degree) of a circle that would represent the percent of students taking mathematics.
Since a complete turn around the circle has 360º, we have the following proportion:
Number of students Angle
734 360º
442 x
Then, cross multiplying the above values, we obtain:
\(\begin{gathered} 734x=442\cdot360\degree \\ \\ x=\frac{442\cdot360\degree}{734} \\ \\ x\cong217\degree \end{gathered}\)Answer: 217º
Answer:
217°
Step-by-step explanation:
The fraction of students taking math is 442/734
we need this same fraction of the 360 degrees in a circle
442/734 * 360 = 217°
Discontinuity
I need help to solve this to know if it is continuous or discontinuous I’ll mark the best answer the branliest
Answer:
undefined
Step-by-step explanation:
I got 4=1 after solving
at 4=1 is false, therefore the equation has no solution.
solve 15 over x+2 equals 3 over 4
The solution to the expression is x= 18
How to calculate the expression ?15 over x=2 equals 3 over 4 can be written as follows
15/x+2 = 3/4
Cross multiply both sides
15×4= 3(x+2)
60= 3x +6
collect the like terms
3x= 60-6
3x= 54
divide both sides by the coefficient of x which is 3
3x/3 = 54/3
x= 18
Hence the value of x in the expression is 18
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A city's population is 1300 and growing at 7% a year. (a) Find a formula for the population, P, at time t years from now assuming that the 7% per year is an annual rate or a continuous annual rate.
The formula for calculating the population, P, of a city at time t years from now, assuming a growth rate of 7% per year, can be expressed as P = 1300 * (1 + 0.07)^t. This formula applies to both the case of an annual growth rate and a continuous annual growth rate.
To find the formula, we start with the initial population of 1300. The growth rate of 7% per year means that the population increases by 7% each year. In the case of an annual growth rate, we can express this as (1 + 0.07), where 0.07 represents the decimal equivalent of 7%. By multiplying the initial population by this factor repeatedly for t years, we obtain the formula P = 1300 * (1 + 0.07)^t.
In the case of a continuous annual growth rate, we use the exponential growth formula, which is P = P0 * e^(rt), where P0 is the initial population, e is the base of the natural logarithm (approximately 2.71828), r is the continuous growth rate (in decimal form), and t is the time in years. In our scenario, the continuous growth rate is 7% or 0.07. Substituting the given values into the formula, we get P = 1300 * e^(0.07t).
Both formulas yield the population, P, at time t years from now, taking into account the 7% growth rate. The choice between using the annual growth rate formula or the continuous annual growth rate formula depends on the specific context and assumptions of the problem.
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how do you Express the area of the entire rectangle.
The area of the rectangle is x² + 6x + 8.
What is a rectangle?A rectangle is a 2-D shape with length and width.
The length and width are different.
If the length and width are not different then it is a square.
The area of a rectangle is given as:
Area = Length x width
We have,
We see from the figure,
Length = x + 4
Width = x + 2
Now,
Area of the rectangle.
= Length x Width
= (x + 4) (x + 2)
= x² + 2x + 4x + 8
= x² + 6x + 8
Thus,
The area of the rectangle is x² + 6x + 8.
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Can someone help me with this question? Thanks!
The probability that the student loses his earbuds in cherry st. in the path of home to school is 0.2857 or 28.57%.
What is probability?Probability of an event is the ratio of number of favorable outcome to the total number of outcome of that event.
The path of the student from the home to school consists of:
0.2 miles of cherry st.0.4 miles of park st.0.1 miles of pine st.Total distance of the path of student from the home to school is,
d=0.2+0.4+0.1
d=0.7 miles
Now, the distance of cherry st. is 0.2 miles. Thus, the probability that he loses his earbuds in this st. is,
P=(0.2)/(0.7)
P=0.2857
P=28.57 %
Thus, the probability that the student loses his earbuds in cherry st. in the path of home to school is 0.2857 or 28.57%.
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A bouncy ball is dropped such that the height of its first bounce is 4.5 feet and each successive bounce is 73% of the previous bounce's height. What would be the height of the 10th bounce of the ball? Round to the nearest tenth (if necessary).
The height of the 10th bounce of the ball will be 0.6 feet.
What is geometric sequence?A geometric sequence is a sequence in which each term is found by multiplying the preceding term by the same value.
What is the formula for finding the nth term of geometric sequence?The nth term of the geometric sequence is given by
\(\sf T_n=ar^{n-1}\)
Where,
\(\sf T_n\) is the nth term.r is the common ratioa is the first termAccording to the given question.
During the first bounce, height of the ball from the ground, a = 4.5 feet
And, the each successive bounce is 73% of the previous bounce's height.
So,
During the second bounce, the height of ball from the ground
\(\sf = 73\% \ of \ 10\)
\(=\dfrac{73}{100}(10)\)
\(\sf = 0.73 \times 10\)
\(\sf = 7.3 \ feet\)
During the third bounce, the height of ball from the ground
\(\sf = 73\% \ of \ 7.3\)
\(=\dfrac{73}{100}(7.3)\)
\(\sf = 5.33 \ feet\)
Like this we will obtain a geometric sequence 7.3, 5.33, 3.11, 2.23,...
And the common ratio of the geometric sequence is 0.73
Therefore,
The sixth term of the geometric sequence is given by
\(\sf T_{10}=10(0.73)^{10-1\)
\(\sf T_{10}=10(0.73)^{9\)
\(\sf T_{10}=10(0.059)\)
\(\sf T_{10}=0.59\thickapprox0.6 \ feet\)
Hence, the height of the 10th bounce of the ball will be 0.6 feet.
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the numerical coefficient of x2 in 3x2-3x
Answer:
Step-by-step explanation:
the numerical coefficient of x2 here is 3.
what is the problem with using a regression equation to predict what will happen in the distant future?
The problem with using a regression equation to predict what will happen in the distant future is that it assumes that the pattern of the past will remain unchanged, which may not be the case. As the environment and other factors change, the equation may no longer be accurate.
Regression equations are mathematical models used to predict the value of a response variable based on one or more explanatory variables. The equation is created by looking at the data from the past and fitting it to a function that best explains the relationship between the two variables. This equation can then be used to predict future values of the response variable.The problem with using a regression equation to predict what will happen in the distant future is that it assumes that the pattern of the past will remain unchanged. However, this may not be the case as the environment and other factors can change which can affect the relationship between the two variables. This can lead to the equation no longer being accurate in predicting the future values of the response variable. To ensure accuracy in the distant future, it may be necessary to re-calibrate the regression equation using more up-to-date data.
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True or False?
The equation ?
15 has two solutions,
Answer:false
Step-by-step explanation:
If you spend 3$ on 6 apples,what is the unit rate (in dollars) per apple?
Answer
2 apples per $1
Step-by-step explanation:
because 6 apples cost $3, so take 6 divided by 3 so you get 2 apples per dollar
The coordinates of a triangle are (0, 0), (3, 0), and (0, 4). The coordinates of the translated triangle are (1, 2), (4, 2), and (1, 6). Find the translation vector.
1,6
4,2
6,1
1,2
Answer:
D: (1,2)
Step-by-step explanation:
To find the translation vector, we need to determine the difference between corresponding coordinates of the original triangle and the translated triangle.
Let's denote the original triangle's vertices as A(0, 0), B(3, 0), and C(0, 4). The corresponding vertices of the translated triangle are A'(1, 2), B'(4, 2), and C'(1, 6).
To find the translation vector, we subtract the coordinates of each vertex in the original triangle from the coordinates of the corresponding vertex in the translated triangle.
Translation vector for point A:
x-component: 1 - 0 = 1
y-component: 2 - 0 = 2
Translation vector for point B:
x-component: 4 - 3 = 1
y-component: 2 - 0 = 2
Translation vector for point C:
x-component: 1 - 0 = 1
y-component: 6 - 4 = 2
Therefore, the translation vector is (1, 2).
solve pls brainliest
Answer:
Step-by-step explanation:
What is the average accerlation during the time interval 0 seconds to 10 seconds?
The average acceleration during the time interval 0 seconds to 10 seconds is \(\frac{V_{1}-V_{2} }{10}\) unit per second per second.
As per the question statement, we are supposed to find out the average acceleration during the time interval 0 seconds to 10 seconds. But before solving this question we should be aware about what actually average acceleration is.
Average acceleration : \(\frac{change in velocity}{total time interval}\)
Here in the question, we are not given information about velocity of the object hence we assume the initial and final velocities of the object to be \(V_{1}\) and \(V_{2}\) respectively, hence
Change in velocity = \(V_{1}-V_{2}\)
Total time interval = \((10 - 0)sec=10sec\)
Therefore by definition of average acceleration we get
\(A_{avg}\)\(= \frac{V_{1}-V_{2} }{10}\) unit per sec per second
Average acceleration: The rate at which the velocity changes is referred to as average acceleration. To determine the average acceleration of something, we divide the change in velocity by the amount of time that has passed.To learn more about acceleration and kinetics, click on the link given below:
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A net of a rectangular pyramid is shown.
A net of a rectangular pyramid with a base with dimensions of 13 inches by 17 inches. The two larger triangular faces have a height of 11 inches. The smaller triangular face has a height of 12.3 inches.
What is the surface area of the pyramid?
567.9 in2
457.4 in2
346.9 in2
283.95 in2
The surface area of the rectangular pyramid is approximately 567.9 in².
What is rectangular pyramid?
A rectangular pyramid is a type of pyramid that has a rectangular base and four triangular faces that meet at a common vertex. The rectangular base of a rectangular pyramid can be any rectangle, meaning that the length and width can be different. The four triangular faces of a rectangular pyramid are congruent, which means they are the same size and shape. The height of the rectangular pyramid is the distance between the vertex and the center of the base. The surface area of a rectangular pyramid can be calculated by finding the area of each face and adding them together.
To find the surface area of the rectangular pyramid, we need to find the area of each face and add them together.
First, let's find the area of the rectangular base:
Area of base = length x width = 13 in x 17 in = 221 in²
Next, let's find the area of the larger triangular faces:
Area of each larger triangular face = (1/2) x base x height = (1/2) x 17 in x 11 in = 93.5 in²
Total area of both larger triangular faces = 2 x 93.5 in² = 187 in²
Finally, let's find the area of the smaller triangular face:
Area of smaller triangular face = (1/2) x base x height = (1/2) x 13 in x 12.3 in = 79.95 in²
Now, we can find the total surface area of the rectangular pyramid by adding the areas of all the faces:
Total surface area = area of base + area of both larger triangular faces + area of smaller triangular face
Total surface area = 221 in² + 187 in² + 79.95 in²
Total surface area = 488.95 in²
Therefore, the surface area of the rectangular pyramid is approximately 567.9 in².
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Please help! Correct answer only! This assignment is due today.
Lester teaches a ceramics class on the weekends. In Sunday's class, the students created 19 clay objects, 12 of which were vases. After each class, Lester bakes the clay objects in a hot kiln to harden them. Students pick up their finished pieces later in the week.
If Lester randomly chose 16 clay objects to bake in the kiln Sunday night, what is the probability that exactly 11 of the chosen clay objects are vases?
Write your answer as a decimal rounded to four decimal places.
Answer: Lester gets about 400 k - 700k in casino hiest
Step-by-step explanation:
George bought a satellite TV membership from Acme TV in January. He pays $35 a month and a one-time set-up fee of $50. Gwen bought a satellite TV membership from Metro TV in January. She pays $45 a month, every month, with no set-up fees.
Write an equation (using
x
x and
y
y) representing each relationship.
The equation for her total cost y would be:
y = 45x
Let's use x to represent the number of months and y to represent the total cost.
For George from Acme TV:
The set-up fee is a one-time payment of \($50\), so it does not depend on the number of months.
For each month, he pays \($35\).
The equation for his total cost y would be:
y = 35x + 50
For Gwen from Metro TV:
There is no set-up fee, so her cost only depends on the number of months.
For each month, she pays \($45\).
The equation for her total cost y would be:
y = 45x
It's worth noting that these equations assume that the monthly fees remain constant over time, which may not necessarily be the case in real life.
Additionally, these equations do not take into account any potential taxes or additional fees that may be added to the cost of the memberships.
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not a real question I just need help to figure it out what is this
Answer:
y=mx+b
Step-by-step explanation:
Answer:
see below
Step-by-step explanation:
y = kx+b
Most people write this
y = mx+b where m is the slope and b is the y intercept
What is the order of the reaction with respect to A?
From the question, the order of reaction is second order for A
What is the order of reaction?
The rate of a second-order reaction is exactly proportional to the product of the concentrations of the two reactants or to the square of the concentration of a single reactant. Depending on the particular reaction and its stoichiometry, the rate equation for a second-order reaction can take on several shapes.
Studying reaction kinetics, figuring out reaction processes, and planning and optimizing chemical reactions all depend on understanding the order of events.
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Find the equation that intersects the x-axis at point (3, 0) and
intersects the y-axis at
point (0, 5). Then sketch the diagram.
The equation of the line that intersects the x-axis at point (3, 0) and intersects the y-axis at point (0, 5) is y = (-5/3)x + 5.
To find the equation of a line that intersects the x-axis at point (3, 0) and intersects the y-axis at point (0, 5), we can use the slope-intercept form of a linear equation, which is y = mx + b. Given the point (3, 0) on the x-axis, we know that when x = 3, y = 0. This gives us one point on the line, and we can use it to calculate the slope (m).
Using the slope formula: m = (y2 - y1) / (x2 - x1)
Substituting the values (0 - 5) / (3 - 0) = -5 / 3
So, the slope (m) is -5/3. Now, we can substitute the slope and one of the given points (0, 5) into the slope-intercept form (y = mx + b) to find the y-intercept (b).
Using the point (0, 5):
5 = (-5/3) * 0 + b
5 = b
The y-intercept (b) is 5. Therefore, the equation of the line that intersects the x-axis at point (3, 0) and intersects the y-axis at point (0, 5) is:
y = (-5/3)x + 5
To sketch the diagram, plot the points (3, 0) and (0, 5) on the x-y plane and draw a straight line passing through these two points. This line represents the graph of the equation y = (-5/3)x + 5.
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Kristen's financial advisor has given her a list of 8 potential investments and has asked her to select and rank her favorite four. In how many different ways can she do this?
The number of ways in which Kristen can rank her favorite four from 8 using permutations is 1680.
The permutation is a way of finding the number of ways of selecting a set of articles from a larger set of articles, with the order of selection being significant.
If we want to choose r items from n items, where the order of selection is significant, then we can find the number of ways of doing this using the permutation as follows:
nPr = n!/{(n - r)!}.
In the question, we are asked to find the number of ways Kristen can rank her favorite four investments from the 8 potential investments that her financial advisor has given her.
Thus, using permutations, we need to select 4 items from 8 items, with order of selection being significant.
Substituting n = 8, and r = 4 in the formula, we get:
8P4 = 8!/{(8 - 4)!}
= 8!/4!
= 5 * 6 * 7 * 8
= 1680.
Thus, the number of ways in which Kristen can rank her favorite four from 8 using permutations is 1680.
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The Faulty Combination Lock
A combination lock with three dials, each numbered 1 through 8, is defective in that you only need to get two of the numbers right to open the lock. (For example, suppose the true combination is 4-2-7. Then 4-2-7 would open th lock but so would 4-2-5, 4-2-2 , 8-2-7 or 4-6-7. But not 2-4-7)
What is the minimum number of (Three-number) combinations you need to try in order to be sure of opening the lock?
============================================
Explanation:
Let's go with the example given to us. Let's say the correct lock combo is 4-2-7.
If we get the first two digits right, then we have 8 choices for the third digit since we pick from between 1 and 8 inclusive. There are 8 combos of the form 4-2-x.
The same goes for stuff of the form 4-x-7 and x-2-7.
There appear to be 8+8+8 = 24 different combos that will open this faulty lock. However, we must subtract off 2 because we've triple counted "4-2-7" when adding up those 8's.
In reality there are 24-2 = 22 different combos that will open the faulty lock.
There are 8^3 = 512 different combos total. That gives 512-22 = 490 combos that do not open the lock.
If the person is very unlucky, with the worst luck possible, then they would randomly try all of the 490 combos that don't work.
Attempt number 491 is when they'll land on one of the 22 combos that do work.
Joey wants to figure out how many minutes his family has spent on the road. On monday they traveled for 3 hours. They drove 11/2 hours on Tuesday. and another 11/2 hours on Wednesday. what's the answer to this plss I'm so confused
Answer:
360 minutes
Step-by-step explanation:
There are 60 minutes in 1 hour
Monday: 3 hr x 60 min/hr = 180 min
Tues.: 1 \(\frac{1}{2}\) hrs = 1.5 hrs
1.5 hr x 60 min/hr = 90 min
Wed.: same as Tues., 90 min
Total minutes on the road = 180 + 90 + 90 = 360 min
Find the relation between backwards finite difference and
average operator.
The backward finite difference operator and the average operator are related in that they both approximate derivatives of a function.
The backward finite difference operator is a numerical approximation technique used to estimate the derivative of a function at a specific point. It involves considering the difference between the function values at the current point and a preceding point. By dividing this difference by the step size between the two points, the backward finite difference operator provides an approximation of the derivative.
On the other hand, the average operator calculates the average value of a function over an interval. It involves dividing the integral of the function over the interval by the length of the interval. The result is a single value that represents the average behavior of the function over the given interval.
The connection between the backward finite difference operator and the average operator lies in their underlying principles. Both operators involve taking the difference or average of function values to approximate the behavior of the function. While the backward finite difference operator focuses on estimating the derivative at a single point, the average operator provides an overall summary of the function's behavior over an interval. Therefore, the backward finite difference operator can be seen as a specific case of the average operator, where the interval is reduced to a single point.
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i need help fast plss
Answer:216
Step-by-step explanation:3x9x8
Answer:
12
Step-by-step explanation:
What is the value of the x-coordinate of the vertex of the function shown below?
f(x)= (x-6)(x-2)
An architect builds a model of a park in the shape of a rectangle. The model is 40. 64 centimeters long and 66. 04 centimeters wide. One inch equals 2. 54 centimeters. Use the ratio table to find the ratio of the length to the sum of the length and width in inches and in simplest form.
length 40. 64
width 66. 04
A. 8:21
B. 13:21
C. 21:13
D. 21:8
For a rectangle model of park, the ratio of length of rectangle model to the sum of the length and width in inches is equals to the 8:21. So, option(A) is right one.
We have an architect builds a model of a park in the shape of a rectangle. The dimensions are defined as
The length of rectangle model of park
= 40.64 centimeters
Width of rectangle model = 66.04 cm
There is one inch equals to the 2.54 centimeters. We have to determine the ratio of the length to the sum of the length and width in inches. Using the unit conversion, one inch = 2.54 centimeters
=> 1 cm = 1/2.54 inches
So, length of model in inches = \( \frac{1}{2.54} × 40.64 \) = 16 inches
Width of rectangle model in inches = \( \frac{1}{2.54} ×66.04\) = 26 inches
Now, the sum of length and width inches = 16 + 26 = 42 inches
The ratio of length to the sum of length and width in inches = 16 : 42
=> \( \frac{16}{42}\)
= \( \frac{8}{21}\)
Hence, required value is 8:21.
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Cho started a savings account with $2800. The account pays 0. 3% compounded continuously. Cho wanted to withdraw the money after 5 years, but her friend says she should wait until 10 years.
How much more money will be in the account if Cho waits 10 years instead of 5 years? Round to the nearest cent.
There will be $ ___ more in the account after 10 years. Fast please
There are $42.95 more will be in the account if Cho waits 10 years instead of 5 years.
What is compounded continuously?
Theoretically, continuously compounded interest means that an account balance continuously earns interest as well as reinvesting that interest into the balance so that it too earns interest.
Given:
Cho started a savings account with $2800.
The account pays 0. 3% compounded continuously.
Cho wanted to withdraw the money after 5 years, but her friend says she should wait until 10 years.
First to find the amount after 5 years.
\(P_0 = 2800,\) r = 0.3% = 0.003, t = 5
Consider the compounded continuously formula
\(P = P_0e^r^t\)
Plug the values in the formula,
\(P = 2800e^0^.^0^0^3^*^5\\P = 2842.32\)
P = $2842.32
The amount in the account after 5 years is $2842.32.
Now to find the amount in the account after 10 years.
\(P_0 = 2800\), r = 0.003, t = 10
\(P = 2800e^0^.^0^0^3^*^1^0\\P = 2885.27\)
P = $2885.27The amount in the account after 10 years is $2885.27.
Now,
$2885.27 - $2842.32 = $42.95
Hence, there are $42.95 more will be in the account if Cho waits 10 years instead of 5 years.
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Exercise 1. Consider a Bernoulli statistical model, where the probability of a success is the parameter of interest and there are n independent observations x = {21, ...,21} where xi = 1 with probability and Xi = 0) with probability 1-0. Define the hypotheses H. : 0 = 0, and HA: 0 = 0 A, and assume a = 0.05 and 0< 04. (a) Use Neyman-Pearson's lemma to define the rejection region of the type no > K (b) Let n = 20, 0o = 0.45, 0 A = 0.65 and 2-1 (i = 11. Decide whether or not H, should be rejected. Hint: use the fact that nX ~ Bin (n. 6) when Ii ind Bernoulli(). [5] 1 (c) Using the same values, calculate the p-value. [5] (d) What is the power of the test? (5) 回 (e) Show how the result in (a) can be used to find a test for H, : 0 = 0.45 versus HA: 0 > 0.45. [5] (f) Write down the power function as a function of the parameter of interest. [5] (g) Create an R function to calculate it and plot for 0 € [0,1]. [5]
(a) According to Neyman-Pearson's lemma, the rejection region of the type I error rate (α) for testing H0: θ = θ0 against HA: θ = θA, where θ0 < θA, is given by:
{X: f(x; θA) / f(x; θ0) > k}
where f(x; θ) is the probability mass function (PMF) of the distribution of the data, given the parameter θ, and k is chosen such that the type I error rate is α.
For this problem, we have H0: p = 0 and HA: p > 0.4, with α = 0.05. Therefore, we need to find the value of k such that P(X ∈ R | H0) = α, where R is the rejection region.
Using the fact that X follows a binomial distribution with n trials and success probability p, we have:
f(x; p) = (n choose x) * p^x * (1-p)^(n-x)
Then, the likelihood ratio is:
L(x) = f(x; pA) / f(x; p0) = (pA / p0)^x * (1-pA / 1-p0)^(n-x)
We want to find k such that:
P(X ∈ R | p = p0) = P(L(X) > k | p = p0) = α
Using the distribution of L(X) under H0, we have:
P(L(X) > k | p = p0) = P(X > k') = 1 - Φ(k')
where Φ is the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of a standard normal distribution, and k' is the value of k that satisfies:
(1 - pA / 1 - p0)^(n-x) = k'
k' can be found using the fact that X ~ Bin(n, p0) and P(X > k') = α, which yields:
k' = qbinom(α, n, 1-pA/1-p0)
Therefore, the rejection region R is given by:
R = {X: X > qbinom(α, n, 1-pA/1-p0)}
(b) We have n = 20, p0 = 0.45, pA = 0.65, and X = 11. Using the rejection region R defined in part (a), we have:
R = {X: X > qbinom(0.05, 20, 1-0.65/1-0.45)} = {X: X > 12}
Since X = 11 is not in R, we fail to reject H0 at the 5% level of significance.
(c) The p-value is the probability of observing a test statistic as extreme as the one computed from the data, assuming H0 is true. For this problem, the test statistic is X = 11, and we want to find the probability of observing a value as extreme or more extreme than 11, under the null hypothesis H0: p = 0. Using the binomial distribution with p = 0.45, we have:
p-value = P(X >= 11 | p = 0) = 1 - P(X <= 10 | p = 0)
= 1 - pbinom(10, 20, 0.45)
= 0.151
Therefore, the p-value is 0.151, which is greater than the level of significance α = 0.05, so we fail to reject H0.
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