The photosynthesis pathway includes light reactions and the Calvin cycle. The correct arrangement of the items in the photosynthesis pathway is as follows: Light reactions - ATP is produced and NADPH is produced from water oxidation of water, Reduction by NADPH, Calvin cycle - ATP is consumed and carbon compounds are reduced by NADPH.
What is photosynthesis?
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods with the help of carbon dioxide and water. The process of photosynthesis occurs in two major stages, light-dependent reactions and light-independent reactions.
Events occurring in the photosynthetic pathway:
The light reactions are the first stage of photosynthesis, and they occur in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast. This is where ATP and NADPH are produced, which are the energy-rich molecules required for the Calvin cycle. The Calvin cycle is the second stage of photosynthesis, and it takes place in the stroma of the chloroplast. In this stage, carbon dioxide is fixed and reduced to produce glucose and other carbon compounds. The ATP and NADPH produced during the light reactions are consumed during the Calvin cycle to provide the energy needed for the reduction of carbon compounds.
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A cell has a 2\%2%2, percent salt concentration. It is placed into a solution containing a 2\%2%2, percent salt concentration. What will happen to the cell?
Answer:
Neither the solute nor the solvent (water) will move in any direction
Explanation:
Concentration of salt with in the cell = 2%
Concentration of salt of the solution in which the cell is placed is 2%
Since there is no change of concentration of salt with in cell and outside the cell. Hence, there will be no net movement of solute or solvent.
In temporal isolation, two species that breed during different times of the day cannot mix their gametes.
Which of these is an example of temporal isolation?
-One species is nocturnal, and the other species is not.
-One is a type of primate, the other is a type of marsupial.
-One species performs a specific courtship dance. the other species does not.
-The average weight of the individuals in one species is 45 kg; in the other species the average is 290 kg.
-One species is found only in New York, the other only in London.
An illustration of temporal isolation is when one species engages in a particular courtship dance while the other species does not.
What is a good illustration of temporal isolation?Temporal isolation occurs when two or more species reproduce at dissimilar periods. For instance, three different orchid species might be found in the same rain forest. Every species has flowers that bloom for just one day and must be pollinated on that day in order to set seed.
What are some examples of appetitive conditioning?Access to food, drink, or sex are a few examples of the positive reinforcing stimuli used in appetite-based training. It's interesting to note that animals who have been exposed to an appetising stimuli, like food, will frequently approach and make contact with the stimulus to indicate its availability.
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T T C A A T G G T C T A G G G. For each sequence of DNA is shown. Write the complementary RNA sequence underneath the letters, then use the codon chart to determine the amino acid sequence:
direct solvation of glycoproteins by salts in spider silk glues enhances adhesion and helps to explain the evolution of modern spider orb webs. biomacromolecules
The direct solvation of glycoproteins by salts in spider silk glues is an interesting topic that has been studied in relation to spider orb webs. Glycoproteins are biomacromolecules that are commonly found in spider silk and are important for the adhesion properties of the silk.
Salts can enhance the adhesion of the silk by solvating the glycoproteins and increasing their interaction with the substrate. This phenomenon has been observed in many species of spiders, and it is thought to be an important factor in the evolution of modern spider orb webs. The ability of spider silk to adhere to surfaces is crucial for capturing prey, and the solvation of glycoproteins by salts has likely played a significant role in the development of this important adaptation. Overall, the study of the solvation of glycoproteins by salts in spider silk glues is an exciting area of research that sheds light on the evolution of these remarkable biomacromolecules and the fascinating properties of spider silk.
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ways in which mangroves maintain proper internal salt balance
(pls answer)
Answer:
Brainliest pls
Explanation:
Root membranes prevent salt from entering while allowing the water to pass through. This is effective at removing the majority of salt from seawater. The red mangrove is an example of a salt-excluding species. On the other hand, salt excreters remove salt through glands located on each leaf
Answer:
There are three main ways in which mangroves control the salt absorbed from the water. These include Accumulation in which salt is stock piled in certain parts of the plant for example leaves until it reaches a high concentration and the portion of the plant is shed.
Explanation:
Dose that help?
The process by which autotrophs convert light energy into chemical energy is known as
cellular respiration.
O carbon cycle.
adenosine triphosphate.
Ophotosynthesis.
Answer:
Photosynthesis
Explanation:
Turning light energy from the sun into chemical energy is exactly what plants do. This process is called photosynthesis
Can somebody help me please?
Possible blood offspring
BO - Type BAB - Type ABAO - Type Athere is substantial agreement in bioethics on the general moral principles that should apply to human research, which are:group of answer choicesautonomy, control, and justice.autonomy, beneficence, and justice.autonomy, beneficence, and equipoise.autonomy, justice, and control.
In bioethics, there is substantial agreement on the general moral principles that should apply to human research, which are autonomy, beneficence, and justice.
The principles of autonomy, beneficence, and justice are widely recognized as the foundational moral principles that should guide human research.
Autonomy refers to respecting individuals' right to make their own informed decisions and participate voluntarily in research. It emphasizes obtaining informed consent from participants and ensuring their autonomy is upheld throughout the research process.
Beneficence involves promoting the well-being of research participants and minimizing potential harms. It requires researchers to maximize the potential benefits of the research while minimizing risks and ensuring that the research design is scientifically sound.
Justice pertains to the fair distribution of the benefits and burdens of research. It includes considerations of equitable participant selection, fair access to research opportunities, and the avoidance of exploitative practices.
These three principles together provide a framework for ethical decision-making in human research, ensuring respect for individual autonomy, promoting well-being, and upholding fairness.
While there may be different interpretations and applications of these principles in specific cases, their importance and general acceptance in bioethics are widely recognized.
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how can an individual organism simultaneously be part of a population, community, and ecosystem? provide a specific example in your answer.
An individual organism can simultaneously be part of a population, community, and ecosystem due to the interconnected nature of these terms.
An organism is a single living entity, such as a plant or an animal. A population refers to a group of organisms of the same species living in the same area and interacting with each other. For example, a population of lions living in a savannah.
A community, on the other hand, refers to all the populations of different species living in the same area and interacting with each other. For instance, in a forest ecosystem, there can be various populations of plants, animals, and microorganisms coexisting together.
Lastly, an ecosystem encompasses all the living organisms (populations and communities) in a given area, as well as their physical environment and the interactions between them.
For example, a coral reef ecosystem includes the coral polyps, various fish populations, algae, and the physical elements like rocks and water.
To sum up, an individual organism can simultaneously be part of a population (group of the same species), a community (interacting populations of different species), and an ecosystem (interactions between living organisms and their physical environment).
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Integral membrane proteins are difficult to isolate in a soluble form because:_______
a. they are generally denatured by the nonionic (uncharged) detergents often used to remove them from the membrane.
b. they possess hydrophobic transmembrane domains.
c. they are not amphipathic.
d. they are too small.
e. they are composed of more than one subunit.
Integral membrane proteins are difficult to isolate in a soluble form because they possess hydrophobic transmembrane domains. Long answer:Integral membrane proteins are transmembrane proteins that pass through the membrane of the cell.
They consist of a hydrophobic domain that inserts itself into the membrane, and a hydrophilic domain that remains outside of it. These proteins act as receptors, channels, and transporters across the cell membrane.The hydrophobic transmembrane domain of integral membrane proteins makes it difficult to isolate in a soluble form. Most of the proteins are highly hydrophobic and cannot dissolve in aqueous solvents like water.
Hydrophobicity is created by the nonpolar amino acids of the protein's structure that are pushed away from the polar environment.The nonpolar nature of these amino acids does not interact with the aqueous environment and forces the protein to interact with the cell membrane. So, it is difficult to isolate them in a soluble form. That's why integral membrane proteins are difficult to isolate in a soluble form because they possess hydrophobic transmembrane domains.
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what is the difference between fmn and the iron-sulfur cluster?
FMN (flavin mononucleotide) and the iron-sulfur cluster are both cofactors found in enzymes involved in redox reactions, but they differ in their chemical structures and modes of action.
FMN is a derivative of riboflavin (vitamin B2) and is composed of a flavin ring, a ribose sugar, and a phosphate group. It can accept two electrons and two protons, allowing it to act as a carrier of electrons in redox reactions.
In contrast, the iron-sulfur cluster is a complex of iron and sulfur atoms bound together by coordinate covalent bonds. It can also accept and donate electrons, but its mechanism of action involves the transfer of electrons between the iron and sulfur atoms within the cluster.
Overall, while both FMN and the iron-sulfur cluster are important in redox reactions, they differ in their chemical structures and mechanisms of action.
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NEED HELP.
Describe the findings at the Kewalo Basin Marine Mammal Laboratory and discuss what these findings suggest about dolphin intelligence.
Dolphins exhibit sophisticated social behaviors and are able to create close ties with other dolphins, according to one of the main discoveries of the Kewalo Basin Marine Mammal Laboratory.
What are the findings suggest about dolphin intelligence.?
They are able to replicate and learn from the activities of other dolphins, and they are also able to use a range of vocalizations and gestures to communicate with one another.
The Kewalo Basin Marine Mammal Laboratory's research suggests that dolphins are extremely intelligent creatures.
Therefore, these results emphasize the need for more research on dolphin intelligence.
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During the Krebs Cycle, high-energy electrons and hydrogen ions are transferred to carrier molecules to form NADH and FADH2. What are the two other molecules released during the Krebs Cycle?
Answer:
During the Krebs cycle, pyruvic acid from glycolysis is used to make carbon dioxide, NADH, ATP, and FADH2. ATP NAD+ NADH Citric acid is broken down into a 5-carbon compound, then into a 4-carbon com- pound. Along the way, two more molecules of CO2 are released, and electrons join NAD+ and FAD, forming NADH and FADH2.
Explanation:
Answer:
The Krebs cycle uses pyruvic acid from glycolysis to produce carbon dioxide, NADH, ATP, and FADH2.
ATP Citric acid is decomposed into a 5-carbon compound, which is subsequently decomposed further into a 4-carbon compound.
Along the way, two additional molecules of CO2 are released, and electrons join NAD+ and FAD to form NADH and FADH2.
Explanation:
Study the cladogram.
Which organism is most closely related to the fish?
lamprey
mouse
frog
shark
Answer:
Mouse and frog
Explanation:
Answer:
it is b mouse
Explanation:
i found the cladogram picture
What is the probability of getting the same numbers on 3 dice when they are thrown simultaneously?
Answer:
So, assuming the dice are 'fair' (that each of the six numbers has a probability of 1/6 of showing up on each of the dice), there is a probability of 1/36 that all three dice will show the same number.
Explanation:
The model shows a portion of a DNA strand. Which base pair sequence below best corresponds with the nucleotides provided?
Answer:
From top to bottom the answers are: T,C,A,G
Explanation:
Due to the rule, A is always paired with T and vise versa, and G is always paired with C and vise versa
The base pair sequence that best corresponds with the nucleotides provided as AGTC is TCAG.
What is DNA?DNA is a biological molecule that stores genetic information in living cells.
DNA is a double stranded molecule that is made up of monomers called nucleotides. The four nucleotides that make up the DNA are as follows:
AdenineGuanineThymineCytosineAccording to this question, the following DNA sequence is given: AGTC, therefore, the sequence of the complementary strand is as follows: TCAG.
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what are the main alternative to fossil fuels?
Answer:
solar energy ,hydroelectric,and energy biofuels
Explanation:
since fossil fuels is a nonrenewable energy source then renewable energy like solar energy, hydroelectric energy,biofuels, geothermal energy, wind energy Will be the best alternative
Assume that there are 150,000 people in a target market, and over a four-week period, 37 percent of them watch a television ad for toothpaste. What is the reach for the toothpaste ad
As per the given question, The reach for the toothpaste ad is 55,500 people over the four-week period.
To calculate the reach of the toothpaste ad, follow these steps:
1. Identify the target market size: 150,000 people
2. Determine the percentage of the target market who watched the ad: 37%
3. Calculate the reach by multiplying the target market size by the percentage of viewers.
Reach = Target Market Size × Percentage of Viewers
Reach = 150,000 × 37%
Now, convert the percentage to a decimal by dividing by 100:
37% ÷ 100 = 0.37
Reach = 150,000 × 0.37
Finally, calculate the reach:
Reach = 55,500 people
The reach for the toothpaste ad is 55,500 people over the four-week period.
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A bat wing, an alligator leg, and a human arm are homologous structures. Which fact about those structures best supports one aspect of the theory of evolution? Question 14 options: a. The fact that the bone structures are similar supports the concept that the animals shared a common ancestor. b. The fact that the bone structures are similar supports the concept that birds evolved from mammals. c. The fact that the bone structures are completely different supports the concept that those organisms evolved from each other.
Answer:
A - The fact that the bone structures are similar supports the concept that the animals shared a common ancestor.
Explanation:
Homologous structures refer organs which are similar in structure which are derived from ancestors of similar species.
IN SIR model, what is the most likely time to recover based on
the
value of γ?
Answer:
Explanation: In the SIR model , the time to recover depends on several factors ,s
uch as the characteristics of the disease, effectiveness of treatment and the individual's immune response. The variable y is not typically used in SIR , so it is unclear how it relates to the time recover .
In SIR model, the recovery rate is reperesented by " 1/ gamma" Where gamma is a recovery rate . The recovery rate is the inverse of the average duration of the infectious period. So, if the infectious period is 5 , then the recovery rate would be 1/5 or 0.2.
compared to mosses and liverworts, gymnosperms have fewer cells in the ______ stage
Compared to mosses and liverworts, gymnosperms have fewer cells in the gametophyte stage.
Mosses and liverworts are nonvascular plants belonging to the Bryophyte group, while gymnosperms are vascular plants. The life cycles of these plants have an alternation of generations, featuring both haploid gametophyte and diploid sporophyte stages.
In mosses and liverworts, the gametophyte stage is dominant and larger, making up most of the plant's structure. These plants produce haploid gametes (eggs and sperm) that fuse during fertilization to form a diploid zygote, which then develops into the sporophyte. The sporophyte remains attached to the gametophyte and depends on it for nutrition.
In summary, compared to mosses and liverworts, gymnosperms have fewer cells in the gametophyte stage due to their dominant and independent sporophyte stage. This difference in life cycles reflects the evolutionary advancements in gymnosperms, allowing them to grow larger and better adapt to different environments.
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Select the correct locations in the images.
Among pea plants, we see more peas with smooth pods than with constricted pods. If a plant with constricted pods is mated with a plant with smooth pods, the offspring have smooth pods. When the offspring mature, and two of them are mated, they have a 25 percent chance of producing offspring with constricted pods. Identify the offspring with homozygous alleles for the smooth pod trait.
Based on the information you provided, I can explain the concept of homozygous alleles for the smooth pod trait.
In the given scenario, if a plant with constricted pods (which is likely heterozygous for the trait) is mated with a plant with smooth pods (which is likely homozygous for the trait), the resulting offspring with smooth pods would be heterozygous for the trait.
Homozygous alleles refer to having two identical alleles for a particular gene. In this case, if the offspring with smooth pods from the initial mating are mated with each other, there is a 25 percent chance that they will produce offspring with constricted pods. This suggests that the parents must have carried a recessive allele for the constricted pod trait.
To identify the offspring with homozygous alleles for the smooth pod trait, you would need additional information or data on the genetic makeup or genotypes of the specific plants involved in the mating process.
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The plants that have homozygous alleles for the smooth pod trait are those identified with SS.
How to identify the plants with homozygous alleles for the smooth pod trait?To begin, if there are homozygous alleles, this implies the alleles are identical, which means the letters representing the alleles would be identical as well.
Moreover, the allele for the smooth pod trait is a dominant allele as this is the allele expressed if combined with constricted pods. Based on this, the allele should be represented in capital letters as SS.
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The elevation between every contour line?
Answer:
Count the number of contours from a line that is already labelled for you. Multiply this by the contour interval.
Explanation:
a fisherman from louisiana developed a papular nodule on his finger 2 weeks after a boating accident. culture yielded an acid-fast bacillus that grew best at 30oc and was identified as
The fisherman from Louisiana likely developed a Mycobacterium marinum infection on his finger, which presented as a papular nodule two weeks after a boating accident.
Mycobacterium marinum is a slow-growing, acid-fast bacillus that can be found in aquatic environments. It typically infects individuals who have had contact with contaminated water or fish tanks and presents with symptoms such as papules, nodules, or ulcers on the skin.
In this case, the boating accident likely resulted in a cut or abrasion on the fisherman's finger, which allowed the bacteria to enter and cause an infection. The fact that the culture yielded an acid-fast bacillus that grew best at 30°C further supports the diagnosis of Mycobacterium marinum, as this bacterium thrives at lower temperatures.
Treatment for Mycobacterium marinum infections typically involves a prolonged course of antibiotics, such as clarithromycin or doxycycline, for several weeks to months. In some cases, surgical intervention may be necessary if the infection is causing significant tissue damage or has spread to deeper structures.
It is important for individuals who work or recreate in aquatic environments to take appropriate precautions to prevent infection, such as wearing protective gloves and clothing, cleaning wounds immediately with soap and water, and avoiding exposure to contaminated water.
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Give an example of a marsupial and a placental mammal that may have had very similar needs, and competed until one became extinct.
Answer:
Placentals and marsupials came from a common ancestor which was Theria . It seems reasonable to say that the common ancestor was more similar to modern marsupials than they are to modern placentals.
Placentals seemed to outcompete most marsupials everywhere they existed. Australia has basically all marsupials because the placentals never existed there until humans brought them.
Explanation:
Help with this please
Answer:
ummmm are we meant to draw a diagram orrr....
Help Please I need the biology Terms
Define the following terms:
Purpose-
Research-
Avoiding Bias-
Hypothesis-
Experiment-
Independent Variable-
Dependent Variable-
Control-
Analysis-
Conclusion-
Answer:
Purpose- "the reason why something is done or used"
Research- An open access, peer reviewed Journal. Information about a topic that is gained by investigating prevous information gathered by someone else. systematic investigation. A systematic way of gathering data and harnessing curiosity.
Avoiding Bias- Avoiding Bias means to write info with curiosity and with research, not using personal opinion or preferance to write info.
Hypothesis- May be described as an educated guess based on research to describe and/or to explain the effect of a certain cause. Usually written in If....Then.... (A specific testable Prediction describing what you expect to happen in a certain circumstance)
Experiment-An emperical Procedure using scientific method to test and explain a certain circumstance.
Also, A trial or test, carried out under controlled conditions, to discover something unkown, to verify a hypothesis.
Independent Variable- The Variable that is changed during an experiment.
Dependent Variable- The Variable that you measure in response that is affected by the changes made.
Control- The Control variable is the Variable that remains Constant and does not change.
Analysis- The careful study of the data obtained from the experiment.
Conclusion-Short paragraph that discusses the overall results from the data obtained by the experiment and explains whether the hypothesis was right or wrong.
The Port of Toronto is one of the largest inland ports in Canada. It is part of the system of marine traffic. Commercial and recreational boats are part of this system. What is the input of this system? What is the output? Name a subsystem you can identify for this system?
Answer:
the answer is D
Explanation:
What cell parts are found only in plant cells? What are found only in animal cells?
Cheek Cells
Elodea
Spirogyra
Chlamydomonas
Use complete sentences.
Answer:
Explanation:
cheek cells
Which molecules would you expect to find at the top of the diagram?
Answer: Oxygen. Oxygen because both plants and animals need oxygen to breath. When the inhale its carbon dioxide but when they exhale its oxygen.
Explanation: im so sorry if its wrong i did a test on tath like two weeks ago sorry ◑﹏◐