The final enzyme used in the biosynthesis of stearate (c18:0) is Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD)
Stearate (C18:0) is a saturated fatty acid with 18 carbon atoms. The final enzyme used in its biosynthesis is Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), also known as Δ9-desaturase. This enzyme is a key regulator of the unsaturated fatty acid composition in cells. SCD introduces a double bond in the Δ9 position of a fatty acid, converting a saturated fatty acid to an unsaturated fatty acid.
In the biosynthesis of stearate, SCD is responsible for the conversion of stearoyl-CoA (C18:0-CoA) to oleoyl-CoA (C18:1-CoA) by introducing a double bond between carbon 9 and carbon 10. This reaction is essential for the biosynthesis of other unsaturated fatty acids as well. In conclusion, Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) is the final enzyme used in the biosynthesis of stearate (C18:0).
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In the biosynthesis of stearate (C18:0), the final enzyme used is stearoyl-CoA desaturase, also known as SCD. SCD is a membrane-bound enzyme that catalyzes the desaturation of saturated fatty acyl-CoA substrates with a cis double bond at carbon 9 (Δ9) to produce monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs).
MUFAs are essential components of cellular membranes and contribute to various physiological functions such as energy storage, membrane fluidity, and signaling pathways. SCD has been identified in most animal species and in many plants. In humans, SCD has two isoforms, SCD1, and SCD5. SCD1 is highly expressed in adipose tissue and liver, while SCD5 is mainly expressed in the brain and testis.The biosynthesis of stearate occurs through a series of reactions, starting with the synthesis of palmitate (C16:0) from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA, followed by elongation of palmitate to stearate (C18:0) using the fatty acid synthase complex.
The final step in the biosynthesis of stearate is the desaturation of stearoyl-CoA by SCD to produce oleoyl-CoA (C18:1). Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) is the final enzyme used in the biosynthesis of stearate (C18:0).
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Define working distance: Describe relationship between objective lens and iris diaphragm Describe relationship between objective lens and working distance:
The working distance is the space between the item being seen and the objective lens. The working distance is affected by how much light is let into the lens by the objective lens and iris diaphragm.
The amount of light entering the lens may be changed using the iris diaphragm, which is situated below the objective lens. The amount of light entering the lens may be altered by opening or closing the diaphragm. This directly affects the working distance since shortening the working distance might result from increasing the light intensity by expanding the diaphragm. The working distance is significantly influenced by the objective lens as well. The working distance decreases as the objective lens's magnification increases. This is because greater proximity to the specimen is required for higher magnification lenses to provide more detailed pictures. Conversely, because they capture a larger field of vision, lower magnification lenses have a longer working distance.
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What instrument do we normally use in our labs at school to observe microscopic things?
Answer:
A microscope!
Explanation:
A microscope is used to magnify objects that are too small to be seen by the human eye. I hope this helps! :)
How do the variations of traits like PTC tasting
and tongue rolling compare to ones like height
,eye color and skin color?
Part C
This simulation shows only the changes in energy that cause the motion of the skateboarder. What energy
transformations are going on within the skateboarder's body during this process?
As the skateboarder moves, several energy transformations take place within their body. Some of the energy transformations include:
1. Chemical energy to kinetic energy: When the skateboarder pushes off the ground, the energy stored in the chemical bonds of their muscles is converted into kinetic energy, which is responsible for their motion.
2. Kinetic energy to gravitational potential energy: As the skateboarder moves up a ramp, their kinetic energy is converted into gravitational potential energy.
3. Gravitational potential energy to kinetic energy: When the skateboarder moves down the ramp, the gravitational potential energy is converted back into kinetic energy.
4. Kinetic energy to thermal energy: As the skateboarder moves, they also experience frictional forces which convert some of their kinetic energy into thermal energy.
5. Chemical energy to thermal energy: The continuous movement of the skateboarder requires the energy stored in their muscles to be converted into thermal energy, which is released as heat.
I hope that the assistance I provided was helpful.
The motion of the skateboarder is powered by energy transformations that occur within their body. As the skateboarder moves, their body converts stored chemical energy (from food) into kinetic energy, which is the energy of motion. This conversion happens through a series of complex biochemical processes that occur within the skateboarder's muscles.
When the skateboarder pushes off the ground, their leg muscles contract, converting chemical energy stored in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) into kinetic energy as the legs move and the skateboarder accelerates. As the skateboarder continues to move, the muscles in their body work together to maintain balance and control, converting chemical energy into kinetic energy and potential energy as the skateboarder jumps, turns, and performs tricks.
Additionally, the skateboarder's body also experiences other forms of energy transformation during this process. For example, as the skateboarder moves, their body generates heat through metabolic processes, which is a form of thermal energy. The skateboarder also loses energy through friction with the ground and air resistance, which is converted into heat and sound energy.
In summary, the motion of the skateboarder is powered by a series of complex energy transformations that occur within their body. These transformations involve the conversion of stored chemical energy into kinetic and potential energy, as well as the generation of heat and sound energy through friction and air resistance.
A ship travels 10 km on a course heading 50º east of north. How far north, and how far east has the ship traveled at this point? Draw a picture and show work!
The ship travels 6.43 km towards north and 7.66 km towards the east from the point where the ship was headed. This can be verified from the Pythagoras theorem.
What is displacement?Displacement is the change in the position of the ship in water. This can be calculated through trigonometric identities.
According to trigonometric identities we know that:
sinФ = ( side opposite to Ф ) / ( longest side )
Side opposite to 40° is y
Longest side is 10 km
Hence we can write that:
sin 40 = y / 10
sin 40 = 0.641
0.643 = y/10
y = 0.643 × 10
y ≈ 6.43 km
The value of y is approximately 6.43 km
Now we know that by Pythagoras theorem:
x² + y² = 10²
x² + ( 6.43 )² = 100
x² = 100 - 41.345
x² = 58.655
x ≈ 7.66 km
The value of x is approximately 7.66 km
The Pythagoras theorem states:
( longest side )² = ( base )² + ( height )²
The theorem is applied in right angles
sin 40 is 0.641
For verification:
x² + y² = 100
(7.66)² + (6.43)²
100
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is a major component of bones and the proteins that build muscles.
Answer: Collagen is the most abundant protein in the body. Its fiber-like structure is used to make connective tissue. Like the name implies, this type of tissue connects other tissues and is a major component of bone, skin, muscles, tendons, and cartilage
Explanation:
your Answer is : Collagen is the most abundant protein in the body. Its fiber-like structure is used to make connective tissue. Like the name implies, this type of tissue connects other tissues and is a major component of bone, skin, muscles, tendons, and cartilage
Explanation:
hope this helps
Oxidative Metabolism Apart from the TCA cycle and ETC, the mitochondrion is the seat of more oxidative processes necessary for normal overall metabolism. Oxidation of amino acids, fatty acids, xenobiotics, and drugs are important reactions to the body with expected radical formation or formation of byproducts that can be harmful to the body. Learning Activity 9.1. Your group is now tasked to examine the fat oxidation happening in the mitochondrion popularly known as β-oxidation. Make an outline of the β-oxidation of two chosen fatty acid (one cis- and another trans-configuration) starting from their dietary intake up until the complete oxidation of the fatty acid. Do this in 15 minutes after which class sharing and discussion will follow.
β-oxidation is a process by which fatty acids are oxidized to produce acetyl-CoA, which is used in the TCA cycle to generate ATP.
The following is an outline of the β-oxidation of two chosen fatty acids (one cis- and another trans-configuration) starting from their dietary intake up until the complete oxidation of the fatty acid:
Oleic acid is a cis-fatty acid that is abundant in olive oil and other vegetable oils. Its β-oxidation is outlined below:Oleic acid is obtained from dietary sources, and it is transported to the cells via the bloodstream.
Once it reaches the mitochondria, it is activated by CoA-SH to form oleoyl-CoA. This is followed by the removal of two carbon units from the carboxyl end of the molecule, which results in the formation of cis-Δ3-dodecenoyl-CoA.This process is repeated until the cis-Δ3-dodecenoyl-CoA molecule is completely oxidized to acetyl-CoA, which enters the TCA cycle.
Trans-4-decenoyl-CoA is a trans-fatty acid that is often found in processed foods. Its β-oxidation is outlined below:Trans-4-decenoyl-CoA is obtained from dietary sources, and it is transported to the cells via the bloodstream.Once it reaches the mitochondria, it is activated by CoA-SH to form trans-4-decenoyl-CoA.
This is followed by the removal of two carbon units from the carboxyl end of the molecule, which results in the formation of trans-Δ3-dodecenoyl-CoA.
Hence, This process is repeated until the trans-Δ3-dodecenoyl-CoA molecule is completely oxidized to acetyl-CoA, which enters the TCA cycle.
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Current research indicates that eating disorders are due toO the physical changes of puberty. O a combination of genetic variations and lifestyle factors. O genetic variations O dysfunctional family relationships.
Current research indicates that eating disorders are due to genetic variations.
What causes genetic variation?Gene variants, sometimes known as mutations, can cause genetic differences, or a natural process in which genetic information is rearranged as a cell prepares to divide can also cause genetic variations (known as genetic recombination). Different phenotypes can be introduced into an organism via genetic changes that change transcriptional activity or protein function.
Does genetic variation alter?The prevalence of a population's alleles can occasionally vary at random. Genetic drift refers to these fluctuations in relative allelic that may occur more frequently or less frequently throughout time.
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Using indoor tanning bed before the age of 35 can increase your risk of melanoma, the deadliest form of skin cancer, by 59 percent. The risk increases with each use. Research demonstrates that even people who do not burn after indoor tanning or sun exposure are at an increased risk of melanoma if they tan indoors; therefore, exposure to the radiation emitted by tanning beds can cause skin cancer. This cancer is the direct result of a:
a) mutation in a protein
b) mutation in the genetic material
c) change in fat molecule
d) change in a starch molecule
Answer: mutation in the genetic material
Explanation: just took the test and got it right
This cancer is the direct result of a mutation in the genetic material.
What is Mutation?Genetic mutations, which occur as your cells divide and generate duplicates of themselves, are modifications to your DNA sequence. Your DNA teaches your body how to develop and work.
Genetic changes may result in diseases like cancer or, in the long run, may enable people to adapt to their environment more successfully.
A change in the DNA sequence is referred to as a genetic mutation. Your cells receive the information they require to carry out their functions from your DNA sequence.
Therefore, This cancer is the direct result of a mutation in the genetic material.
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The table shows the classification of four mammals found in Texas. Peccary Pronghorn Fallow Deer Elk Animalia Kingdom Animalia Animalia Animalia Phylum Chordata Chordata Chordata Chordata Class Mammalia Mammalia Mammalia Mammalia Artiodactyla Order Artiodactyla Artiodactyla Artiodactyla Family Tayassuidae Cervidae Antilocapridae Cervidae Cervus Antilocapra Cervus Genus Tayassu Species T. tajacu C. elaphus A. americana Based on this table, which explanation best describes why elk and fallow deer are classified in the same genus? They are both in family Cervidae and share a more recent common ancestor. They mate and produce fertile offspring. C. dama They live in similar habitats. They are both in kingdom Animalia and have similar diets.
The fact that both elk and fallow deer belong to the Cervidae family and have a more recent common ancestor is the greatest justification for why they are included in the same genus.
Evolutionary relationships are the basis for classification, and similar organisms are placed in the same group. Elk and fallow deer have many traits, which is further supported by the fact that they belong to the same genus.
This suggests that they had a recent common ancestor. The other choices are not directly related to their genus categorization.
MammalsOrganisms are categorized in a hierarchical manner using evolutionary relationships. Four Texas-based mammals are categorized in the following table, including their kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species. As members of the same genus, elk and fallow deer are more closely related to one another than to the other organisms in the table. This is due to the fact that they have a more recent common ancestor than the creatures in the table or other species share a common ancestor. They belong to the same family (Cervidae) in this instance, making them more closely related to one another than to peccary or pronghorn, which are members of distinct families.
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What are the factors that affect the climate
Answer:
They are:
Distance from equator
altitude and slope
distance from sea
Answer:
Explanation:
many factors affect the climate example:
1. human need of lumber
2. wild fires
3. fossil fuels
4. farming livestock
In this assignment, you will conduct research to construct an explanation of how macromolecules are used in the body. You will then revise your explanation based on new information from additional research.
Answer:
Macro-molecules are used in the body after the conversion of micro-molecules.
Explanation:
Macro-molecules such as protein, carbohydrates and fats etc are bigger in size which can not be absorbed by the cell of the body so these Macro-molecules first broken down into micro-molecules such as amino acids, glucose and fatty acids etc. Protein is converted into amino acids, carbohydrates is converted into glucose and fats is converted into fatty acids by the action of different enzymes. These micro-molecules are used by the cell in order to generate energy.
Answer:
Macromolecules are important for the body and therefore, are used frequently. For example, “macromolecules provide structural support, a source of stored fuel, the ability to store and retrieve genetic information, and the ability to speed biochemical reactions.” There are four major types of macromolecules, those of which are as follows; proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and lipids. All of these play these important roles in the life of a cell. Macromolecules such as protein, carbohydrates and fats are bigger in size which can not be absorbed by the cell or the body, so these macromolecules are first broken down into micro-molecules, such as amino acids, glucose and fatty acids, etc. Protein is converted into amino acids, carbohydrates are converted into glucose, and fats are converted into fatty acids by the action of different enzymes. Proteins use amino acids which provide cell structure, send chemical signals, and speed up chemical reactions. Nucleic acids use nucleotides that store and pass on genetic information. Carbohydrates use monosaccharides (aka simple sugars) to provide cells with quick, short-term energy and a source of dietary fiber. Lipids use fatty acids and glycerol to provide cells with long-term energy, and they make up biological membranes. That is how macromolecules are used in the body.
Explanation:
You have to do your own revisions and works cited.
can someone help me label the food pyramid!!
Note that the items, arranged according to the right order in the Pyramid is given as follows;
Apex predators (at the top of the food chain)Tertiary consumers (carnivores that eat other carnivores)Secondary consumers (carnivores that eat herbivores)Primary consumers (herbivores)ProducersWhat is the rationale for the above response?The producers are at the base of the pyramid, followed by primary consumers that consume the producers.
Secondary consumers eat the primary consumers, and tertiary consumers eat the secondary consumers. Finally, at the top of the pyramid, there are the apex predators that eat other predators. The pyramid represents the energy flow from the producers to the top-level predators, with each level of the pyramid having less energy than the level below it.
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what substance covers the ends of a long bone, absorbs shock, and reduces friction?
Answer:
Cartilage
Explanation:
A carbon budget is the amount of carbon we can release into the atmosphere before global temperatures rise above two degrees Celsius. Our current rate of carbon
released from burning fossil fuels is 37 billion tonnes per year. If we continue to burn fossil fuels at this same rate, how many years could it take to reach the limit of the
carbon budget shown in the graph?
8 years
7.4 years
6.8 years
10 years
Answer:
its either 8 or 7.4
Explanation:
both 10 and 6.8 were wrong
What is the difference between chromosome translocation and crossing over?
Answer:
translocation occurs between non-homologous chromosomes.
Explanation:
Inside a muscle fiber, what triggers sarcomeres to contract?.
Answer:
It would be an Impulse.
Explanation:
When an impulse reaches the muscle fibres of a motor unit, it stimulates a reaction in each sarcomere between the actin and myosin filaments.
Does this help you??
Answer:
A sudden rise in cystolic Ca2+
A student reads about a sexually reproducing population that has high genetic variability. Which statement best explains how this characteristic affects
survival of the population if it is exposed to a new disease?
High genetic variability increases the chances that some members of the population will possess genetic traits that make them more resistant to the new disease.
What is genetic variability?Genetic variability is the amount of diversity found within a species or population due to genetic differences. It is caused by changes in the genetic code, or DNA, that can occur through mutation, recombination, or other genetic processes. This variability can result in different physical characteristics, behaviors, and susceptibilities to disease. Genetic variability is important for maintaining the health and survival of a species or population, as it increases the chances of adaptation to changing environmental conditions. It also provides the opportunity for the population to evolve to become more optimized for its habitat and maximize its fitness.
This gives the population a better chance of surviving the disease, as some individuals will survive and pass on their more resistant traits to the next generation.
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The _____
cells have identical genetic information, or DNA.
sex
egg
somatic
haploid
Answer: sex cells
Explanation:
Sex cells have genetic information and DNA
what type of fossil forms when a buried organism decays or is dissolved, but the original shape is preserved in the sediment?
Mold is the imprint of organisms left on rocks. Creature remains are completely decomposed. The rock that fills the form resembles the original ruins. A fossil that forms in a mold is called a cast (pictured below).
Fossil fungi (multiple fungal fossils) A fossil that fills the interior and exterior of a dead organism with sediment, leaving no remains of the organism, only the shape and texture of the rock, indicating that there was organic matter there. . When animals die and their bodies decompose, they can leave traces in the sediment. When this trail fills with minerals from sediment or groundwater, it can harden and become a fossil. This fossil is called a cast fossil. Fossilized traces are called mold fossils.
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If the process of meiosis I starts with one cell that contains 24 chromosomes in 12 homologous pairs, what will be the end result when meiosis II is complete?
A. four cells with 24 chromosomes in 12 homologous pairs
B. two cells with 24 chromosomes in 12 homologous pairs
C. four cells with 12 chromosomes in zero homologous pairs
D. two cells with 12 chromosomes in zero homologous pairs
Answer:
two cells with 12 chromosomes in zero homologous pairs
PLZ HELP 40PTSThe table below shows the mass of some horse fossils.
Horse Fossil Record
Horse Fossil Mass (kg)
A 80
B 270
C 150
D 50
Ancient horses had less mass than present-day horses. The mass of the present-day horse is about 500 kilograms. What is the correct order of evolution of the horse starting from the youngest fossil?
1. A C D B
2.B D C A
3. D A C B
4. B C A D
Answer:
D and 4
Explanation:
Answer:
Its D and the last one is 4
Explanation:
In the muscular system, which portion of the nervous system stimulates contraction of skeletal muscles for movement?
The portion of the nervous system that stimulates contraction of skeletal muscles for movement is the somatic nervous system.
The portion of the nervous system that stimulates the contraction of skeletal muscles for movement is the somatic nervous system. The somatic nervous system is responsible for voluntary control of skeletal muscles and is composed of motor neurons that transmit signals from the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) to the skeletal muscles. These signals, known as motor impulses, initiate muscle contraction by stimulating the release of neurotransmitters at the neuromuscular junction. The neurotransmitter acetylcholine binds to receptors on the muscle fibers, leading to the generation of an action potential and the subsequent contraction of the skeletal muscles. This coordinated communication between the somatic nervous system and skeletal muscles allows for intentional movement and control over bodily actions.
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an infant who appeared normal at birth began to develop lethargy, hypothermia, and apnea within 24 hours. an analysis of blood components indicated high levels of ammonia and citrulline, and low levels of urea. the most likely defective enzyme in this child is which one of the following?
An infant who appeared normal at birth began to develop lethargy, hypothermia, and apnea within 24 hours. N-acetyleglutamate functions as an allosteric activator for carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase.
Hypothermia is caused by prolonged exposure to very low temperatures. When exposed to cold temperatures, the body loses heat faster than it can generate it. Prolonged exercise eventually depletes the body's stored energy.
Hypothermia is a potentially fatal condition and should be treated promptly. If you or a loved one is suffering from the effects of hypothermia, it is important to contact a New York maritime attorney for more information about your rights. ,
Depends on several factors, including whether the cold exposure is in the air or in the water, how cold the temperature is, and the person's underlying health and age. Hypothermia can develop slowly within minutes to hours or over days to weeks, depending on conditions.5. Temperature.
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100 POINTS + BRAINLIEST
Which description properly describes a step involved in cellular respiration?
A.) Glucose is created, then the energy gained is transferred to the energy molecule.
B.) Carbon dioxide is combined with oxygen to make glucose.
C.) Water is divided into carbon dioxide and glucose.
D.)Oxygen is combined with the carbon atoms left from the glucose molecule.
Answer:
i think it's B
couse from my knowledge is that respiration is the intake of carbon dioxide and form it into oxygen
Explanation:
Carbon dioxide is combined with oxygen to make glucose description properly describes a step involved in cellular respiration
Finish answering the box please
Answer:
the Soviet Union and U.S.A, Gemini VI, commanded by Mercury astronaut Wally Schirra and piloted by Tom Stafford, was supposed to have orbited on October 25, to rendezvous and dock with an Agena target vehicle. But the unpiloted Agena spacecraft blew up during launch that morning, stranding the crew waiting in their vehicle on Launch Complex 19.
Single felled organisms that reproduce by spilling in two
Explanation:
Bacteria is a unicellular organism don't have any nucleus or cell walls and reproduce by splitting in two.
2. Paramecium is also a unicellular organism that reproduces by splitting in two.
#hope this helps you#
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Identifying Passive and Active Transport
Fill in the blanks with the correct words.
The movement of molecules from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration occurs in
transport
In
transport
, molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
Answer:
osmosis and diffusion respectively
Explanation:
osmosis is the first one and diffusion is the second one
Why do we need sleep? (scientific answer pls)
Answer:
Sleep is an essential function that allows your body and mind to recharge, leaving you refreshed and alert when you wake up.
What is one of the documented health hazards from chronic use of anabolic steroids that develops?
One of the documented health hazards from chronic use of anabolic steroids is the development of liver tumors.
Anabolic steroids are the synthetic substances which resemble the male sex hormone, testosterone.
Health care experts use anabolic steroids to treat some hormone problems in men such as delayed puberty as well as muscle loss (resulting from some diseases). However, some people misuse anabolic steroids.
Chronic use of anabolic steroids, has been linked to many health-related issues such as acne, hampered growth in teenagers, high blood pressure or hypertension, fluctuations in cholesterol levels, cardiac problems like heart attack, liver disease including cancer, kidney damage as well as aggressive behavior.
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