Which of the following are not associated with Darwin's theory of evolution?

a. Variation within a population.
b. Use and disuse of organs.
c. Natural selection.
d. Sexual selection

Answer:

It is 1.6 × 10⁵

The Description of a typical vertebra, as well as to distinguish among the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae is given below.

A vertebra's body and vertebral arch make up a typical vertebra. The paired pedicles and paired laminae form the arch. The transverse, spinous, superior, and inferior articular processes protrude from the vertebral arch. The spinal cord can pass via the vertebral foramen.

A rib head articulates with those of the long spinous process of each thoracic vertebra. The lumbar vertebrae have a larger and more robust body than the cervical and thoracic vertebrae. The spinous process is short and projects posteriorly, the transverse processes are bigger and thinner.

Therefore, one need to know that the position of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae is the main distinction between them. The cervical vertebrae are located in the neck region, whereas the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae are located in the thorax and lower back, respectively. There are said to be 5 lumbar vertebrae, 7 cervical vertebrae, and 12 thoracic vertebrae.

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A typical vertebrae is defined as the bone that makes up the vertebral column and it's made up of the body and the vertebral arch.

There are various vertebral bones that makes up the vertebral column and they include the following:

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When individuals with certain inherited traits are more likely to survive and reproduce than those with less favorable traits, natural selection occurs.

Natural selection is a fundamental concept in evolutionary biology proposed by Charles Darwin. It is the process by which certain heritable traits become more or less common in a population over successive generations. Natural selection occurs when individuals with advantageous traits have a greater chance of surviving and reproducing, passing on those traits to their offspring.

The key components of natural selection are as follows:

1. Variation: Individuals within a population exhibit variation in their traits. These variations can be due to genetic differences, environmental factors, or a combination of both.

2. Selective Pressure: Environmental factors, such as predation, competition for resources, or changes in habitat, create selective pressures that affect the survival and reproductive success of individuals with different traits.

3. Differential Survival and Reproduction: Individuals with traits that are better suited to their environment have a higher probability of surviving and reproducing. They pass on their advantageous traits to their offspring, increasing the frequency of those traits in subsequent generations.

4. Heritability: The traits that confer a survival or reproductive advantage must have a genetic basis and be heritable, meaning they can be passed from parents to offspring.

Over time, through the accumulation of small changes and the elimination of less favorable traits, natural selection can lead to the adaptation of populations to their specific environments. This process is a driving force behind the diversity and complexity of life on Earth.

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Answer:

They are Heterotroph as they cant make their own food and have feed of dead things of decomposing.

Statement which best describes the second step of primary succession is Lichens begin to grow and break down rock to form soil.

When a fresh piece of land is first inhabited by a group of species, that process is known as primary succession. There is no soil on this deserted ground. These so-called Pioneer Species are the only species that might endure in this desolate place. These species require the fewest resources to exist, making them minimal maintenance. A pioneer species might be lichen or moss, for instance. These creatures can start to decompose rock, gradually creating land that can support different species. A climax community is reached by primary succession after hundreds or thousands of years. A peak community is one with as much biodiversity as possible to support the area.

The Primary Succession phases are formed in four steps:

-Nudation

-Invasion

-Competition and Reaction

-Stabilization

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Answer:

Differnces: How they transfer oxygen, and plants use phtosythesis, in plants it goes through the choloplast, in animals it goes to the cytoplasm

Similairties: both use cellular repiration, both use glucose for energy

Explanation:

Hope this helps

Difference - Mammals however use their blood to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide, whereas plants do not use their xylem and phloem solutions to do this.

Similarities - Both systems are similar in that they are both made up of a vast array of tubes.

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Inference: The presence of the same plant fossil in both South America and Antarctica suggests that these regions were once connected or had a shared environment.

The discovery of a rare prehistoric plant fossil in both South America and Antarctica implies that these regions were geographically connected at some point in the past. This suggests the existence of a land bridge or a similar mechanism that allowed the migration of plant species between these distant locations. It also implies that the environmental conditions in both regions were suitable for the growth and survival of this particular plant species. This finding provides evidence of past geological and climatic changes and helps scientists understand the historical connectivity and evolution of ecosystems across continents.

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The criteria that are used to classify viruses include capsid structure, presence/absence of an envelope, presence/absence of a capsid, type of infection, and genetic makeup. All options are correct.

Capsid structure is the protein coat that surrounds the genetic material of the virus and can be classified based on its shape, size, and complexity. The presence or absence of an envelope, which is a lipid membrane surrounding the capsid, can also be used as a criterion. The type of infection, such as whether the virus causes acute or chronic infections, can also be considered.

Lastly, the genetic makeup of the virus, including its genome structure, replication strategy, and evolutionary relationships, can be used to classify viruses. Overall, these criteria are important for understanding the characteristics and behavior of different viruses and developing strategies for their prevention and treatment.

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Answer:

I can't have any two concept of science from your previous class that you have retained

The population after 40 years will be 400,000 animals, and the population after 65 years will be approximately 336,000 animals.

To determine the population after a certain time period, we can use the formula for exponential decay;

N(t) = N0 × \((1/2)^{(t/T)}\)

Where;

N(t) is the population at time t

N0 is the initial population

t is the time elapsed

T is the half-life of the population

Given;

N0 = 1.6 million

T = 20 years

Let's calculate the population after 40 years;

N(40) = 1.6 million × \(1/2^{(65/20)}\)

= 1.6 million × (1/2)²

= 1.6 million × (1/4)

= 400,000

Therefore, the population after 40 years will be 400,000 animals.

Now, let's calculate the population after 65 years;

N(65) = 1.6 million × \((1/2)^{(65/20)}\)

= 1.6 million × \((1/2)^{(13/4)}\)

≈ 1.6 million × 0.210

≈ 336,000

Therefore, the population after 65 years will be approximately 336,000 animals.

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Answer:

The test subject was therefore, Heterozygous

Depression movement occurs when the chin drops and the mouth opens wide.

This refers to the downward movement of the mandible and usually occurs at the temporomandibular joint.

This is used to express shock or surprise which was why it was chosen as the most appropriate choice.

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Deoxygenated blood from the leg muscle returns to the heart, moves to the lungs to be oxygenated, goes back to the heart, and flows through the body again.

The circulatory system is a complex system in the body whose function is to keep the flow of oxygenated blood throughout the body.

This system is composed of multiple steps that create a cycle and usually involve the following organs:

Here are the steps if we start with deoxygenated blood in the muscles.

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Answer:

In Paleontology, the basis for the identification of a fossil species is morphology.

Explanation:

Morphology refers to the physical characteristics or form of an organism. Fossils are the remains or impressions of prehistoric organisms that have been preserved in rock. Paleontologists use morphology to identify and classify fossils into different species. They study the shape, size, structure, and other physical characteristics of fossils to determine their relationships to other organisms.

DNA is not used in the identification of fossils because DNA does not survive the fossilization process. Diagenesis refers to the physical and chemical changes that occur during the fossilization process but it is not a basis for the identification of fossil species. Permineralization is a process in which minerals fill the spaces within a fossil and is also not a basis for identifying fossil species.

Paleontology is the study of fossils. It deals with the preservation of organisms' remains and their documentation. The identification of fossil species is based on various factors that are usually studied by paleontologists.

The identification of fossils is a challenging task since they do not retain all the characteristics they had while they were alive. However, the identification of a fossil species can be done by studying their morphology, i.e., the structure, form, and shape of an organism's remains. The morphological features of fossils include the shape and size of bones, the texture of the surface of fossils, and other features that provide information about the fossil's anatomy. Paleontologists also study the location of the fossil and the strata in which it is found.  In addition to morphology, DNA analysis is another technique used to identify fossil species. However, this technique can only be used if there is enough DNA in the fossil's remains. Usually, DNA analysis is used when identifying the remains of organisms that have died more recently.

Diagenesis, the transformation of organic material into inorganic substances, is another technique used to identify fossil species. It is a process that occurs after the organism's death and is affected by several factors, including temperature, pressure, and chemical reactions.

Permineralization is another technique used in the identification of fossil species. It is the process in which minerals in the fossil's remains are replaced by other minerals. The replaced minerals preserve the fossil's structure, making it easier to identify.

In conclusion, the identification of fossil species is a complicated process that involves the study of various features. The primary basis for identifying a fossil species is through its morphology. Additionally, DNA analysis, diagenesis, and permineralization are other techniques that paleontologists use in identifying fossil species.

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The hormone vasopressin stimulates the kidneys to retain water.

Vasopressin or antidiuretic hormone is secreted by the posterior pituitary gland and acts on the nephron tubules which increase the reabsorption of water, thus decreasing water content in urine while increasing that of blood.

The increase in water concentration in the blood elevates blood pressure as well as blood volume which makes the urine concentrated.

It regulates the tonicity of body fluids and therefore, in response to hypertonicity stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb solute-free water and return it to the circulation from the tubules of the nephron, thus restoring the tonicity of the body fluids toward normal.

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Answer:

rotates on it's side  

Explanation:

Answer:

this is true

Explanation:

Humans get fruit from trees

The premise behind energy efficiency methods is that consumers will pay more in return for using less energy, both people and other animals rely on trees as a source of food, hence it is true.

The earth provides nutrients and water to the roots, water travels up the stem to the leaves, where it combines with sunshine, carbon dioxide, and carbon to create food.

Trees directly produce a range of nutritious foods, such as fruits, leafy vegetables, nuts, seeds, and

Additionally, a broader variety of edible plants, fungi, bushmeat, fish, and insects may be found in forests.

Therefore, trees use as a source of food for humans and other organisms.

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Answer:

yr question is half

Explanation:

Essential amino acids cannot be made by the body. As a result, they must come from food. The 9 essential amino acids are: histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine.

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Use of unwanted organics leaching from landfills to power fuel cells is not a suitable use of microbial fuel cells.

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are devices that generate electrical energy by using microorganisms to convert organic matter into electricity. They typically use a bioanode and a cathode to generate an electrical current, and the microorganisms that are used to generate electricity are typically grown in a liquid culture.

The organic matter that is used to fuel MFCs is typically a liquid or a gas, and it is usually a renewable resource that can be sustainably produced. However, organic matter that is leached from landfills is not a suitable source of fuel for MFCs, as it may be contaminated with toxic chemicals or other pollutants that could be harmful to humans and the environment.

Therefore, the use of unwanted organics leaching from landfills to power fuel cells is not a suitable use of MFCs, as it may not be safe or sustainable.

The other uses of MFCs, such as using them to power equipment left in the field for long periods of time or using them in developing countries lacking in widespread power grids, are suitable uses of MFCs and have the potential to provide clean and sustainable energy to remote or underserved areas.

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Answer:

answer is A

Explanation:

Protons and Neutrons will give the mass number

The information would be most helpful in determining the atom's identity is The number of protons and neutrons .

The smallest component of ordinary stuff that makes up a chemical element is an atom. Atoms that are neutral or ionized make up every solid, liquid, gas, and form of plasma.

Atoms are incredibly tiny, measuring typically 100 picometers across. Due to quantum effects, they are so small that it is impossible to predict their behavior with sufficient accuracy using classical physics, as would be the case, for example, if they were tennis balls.

Each atom is made up of a nucleus and one or more electrons that are linked to it. One or more protons and a significant number of neutrons make up the nucleus.

The protons are positively charged, while the electrons are negatively charged.

Therefore, The information would be most helpful in determining the atom's identity is The number of protons and neutrons .

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Double fertilization in Gnetophyta (Ephedra and Gnetum) differs from that in angiosperms in a few ways.

First, double fertilization occurs in just one cell in Gnetophyta, the central cell of the embryo sac, while in angiosperms the two sperm cells are transferred to two different cells. Second, the sperm cells in Gnetophyta differ from those in angiosperms in that the first sperm cell is large, while the second sperm cell is much smaller.

Third, the two sperm cells in Gnetophyta are transferred to the same nucleus, while in angiosperms, the two sperm cells are transferred to separate nuclei. Fourth, in Gnetophyta, the two sperm cells do not fuse together to form a triploid endosperm, unlike in angiosperms where the two sperm cells fuse to form a triploid endosperm. Lastly, in Gnetophyta the polar nuclei do not undergo the same type of fusion as they do in angiosperms, thus forming a diploid endosperm.

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Answer: The correct answer is C. Vacuum.

Explanation: It was correct on my test : )

Answer:

c

Explanation:

when you graft you are a usally combing two plants to make a differt species

In female mammalian cells, one X chromosome of the two would undergo random inactivation early in embryonic life, and therefore both males and females have a single active Y. with this the disease has a predilection in men because women do not carry the Y gene

Recessive lethal alleles cause death when they are homozygous. Death occurs at the stage when the product of this gene is needed. If the gene in question is responsible for the synthesis of a particular protein in early childhood, for example, the organism will die at that moment.

With this information, we can conclude that Y chromosome, is what guarantees the development of a male embryo and the lethal “b” allele

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Answer:

Both can show.

Explanation:

The genotype can look like the following:

TT <= Homzygous Dominant

tt <= Homzyogous Recessive

Tt <= Heterzygous

See? It would be hard to determine exactly which trait would show without the second half of the name! (By the way, I can't say the proper names so I apologize)

I hope this helps! ^-^