NO cannot be used to fill a balloon that will float in the air at STP. So, the correct option is a.
The ideal gas law, PV = nRT, relates the pressure, volume, and temperature of a gas. In the ideal gas law, R is a constant, and the value of R depends on the units used to measure the other parameters. At standard temperature and pressure (STP), the ideal gas law simplifies to PV = 1 atm and 273.15 K.
Therefore, the density of a gas at STP can be determined as follows:
Density = (molar mass) x (pressure)/(R x temperature)
We can't use NO (nitric oxide) to fill a balloon that will float in the air at STP among the given options. This is because NO has a higher density than air. Since the density of NO is greater than the density of air, it will sink rather than float. Therefore, it cannot be used to fill a balloon that will float in the air at STP.
So, the correct option is a. NO.
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The process of fermentation involves chemical reactions that convert solid glucose (C6H12O6) into aqueous ethanol and carbon dioxide gas. Suggest how the speed of reaction alters as the temperature changes from 60C to 30C.
Explanation:
The glucose molecules changes as following:
C6H12O6 —> C2H5OH + CO2
There are 12 atoms of H on the left side and 6 atoms of the right side. It can be balance by putting 2 in front of C2H5OH as shown below:
C6H12O6 —> 2C2H5OH + CO2
There are 6 atoms of C on the left side and 5 atoms on the right side. It can be balance by putting 2 in front of CO2 as shown below:
C6H12O6 —> 2C2H5OH + 2CO2
how many atoms are there in 6.2 grams of silver
If Temperature 25 C and volume is 117.5 cm³. Explain volume temperature relationship using Charles’s law.
(No links or else I'll report.
Don't answer if u dont know.)
Thank You.
Explanation:
According to Charles law : V/T=k (constant).
the volume temperature relationship will be
V/T = 117.5/25 = 4.7
hope this helps you.
In the equation below
1. If a sample containing 12.5 moles of NH3 is reacted with excess CuO, how many moles of each product can be made?
N2=
Cu=
H20=
thanks!
Answer:
6.25 moles of N₂ is produced, and 18.8 moles of Cu and H₂O is produced.
Explanation:
We are given the chemical equation:
\(\displaystyle 2\text{NH$_3$}_\text{(g)} + 3\text{CuO}_\text{(s)} \longrightarrow \text{N$_2$}_\text{(g)} + 3\text{Cu}_\text{(s)}+3\text{H$_2$O}_\text{(g)}\)
And we want to determine the amount of products produced when 12.5 moles of NH₃ is reacted with excess CuO.
Compute using stoichiometry. From the equation, we can see the following stoichiometric ratios:
The ratio between NH₃ and N₂ is 2:1. (i.e. One mole of N₂ is produced from every two moles of NH₃.)The ratio between NH₃ and Cu is 2:3. The ratio between NH₃ and H₂O is 2:3. (i.e. Three moles of H₂O or Cu is produced frome every two moles of NH₃.)Dimensional Analysis:
The amount of N₂ produced:\(\displaystyle 12.5\text{ mol NH$_3$} \cdot \frac{1\text{ mol N$_2$}}{2\text{ mol NH$_3$}} = 6.25\text{ mol N$_2$}\)
The amount of Cu produced:\(\displaystyle 12.5\text{ mol NH$_3$} \cdot \frac{3\text{ mol Cu}}{2\text{ mol NH$_3$}} = 18.8\text{ mol Cu}\)
And the amount of H₂O produced:\(\displaystyle 12.5\text{ mol NH$_3$} \cdot \frac{3\text{ mol H$_2$O}}{2\text{ mol NH$_3$}} = 18.8\text{ mol H$_2$O}\)
In conclusion, 6.25 moles of N₂ is produced, and 18.8 moles of Cu and H₂O is produced.
Complete the passage:
During the process of polymerization____
combine by sharing electrons. This process forms a
,____which is made of repeating subunits. The resulting material is used in a variety of ways.
Answer:
During the process of polymerization, monomers
combine by sharing electrons. This process forms a polymer, which is made of repeating subunits. The resulting material is used in a variety of ways.
Answer:
monomers and polymer.
Explanation:
what is the shortest wavelength of light that can be emitted by a hydrogen atom, if the electron is initially in the n
Shortest wavelength of light that can be emitted by a hydrogen atom is 95.0 nm
Emission is the transfer of electron from higher energy level to lower energy level.
Shortest wavelength is the transition with higher energy.
So,
The electron emits from \($n=5$\) to \($n=1$\) level.
The lowest state is:
\(n_1=1$\\\mathrm{n}_2=5$$\)
The Balmer-Rydberg equation is
\($$\begin{aligned}& \frac{1}{\lambda}=R_{\infty}\left[\frac{1}{n_1^2}-\frac{1}{n_2^2}\right] \\& \mathrm{n}_2=5 \text { and } \mathrm{n}_1=1 \\& \mathrm{R}=1.097 \times 10^7 \mathrm{~m}^{-1}\end{aligned}$$\)
\(\frac{1}{\lambda}=R_{\infty}\left[\frac{1}{n_1^2}-\frac{1}{n_2^2}\right]$\\\\$\Rightarrow \frac{1}{\lambda}=1.097 \times 10^7 \mathrm{~m}^{-1}\left[\frac{1}{1^2}-\frac{1}{5^2}\right]$\\\\$\Rightarrow \frac{1}{\lambda}=1.097 \times 10^7 \mathrm{~m}^{-1} \times 0.96=10531200 \mathrm{~m}^{-1}$$\lambda\\\\=\frac{1}{10531200 \mathrm{~m}^{-1}}\\\\=9.50 \times 10^{-8} \mathrm{~m}$$\lambda\\\\=95.0 \times 10^{-9} \mathrm{~m}\\\\=\mathbf{9 5 . 0} \mathbf{n m}$\)
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What is the shortest wavelength of light that can be emitted by a hydrogen atom, if the electron is initially in the n=5 level? Give your answer accurate to three significant figures.
Some of substances in the collection are solutions. Make a list of them and say what parts are dissolved (solutes) and what they are dissolved in (solvents).
A solution is composed of a solute and a solvent
What are solutions in chemistry?Your question is incomplete but I can see that you want to know something about solutions.
A solution in chemistry is a hom----ogeneous mixture of two or more substances. In a solution, the solute is the substance that is dissolved in the solvent to form the mixture. The solute particles are evenly dispersed in the solvent, resulting in a uniform composition throughout the solution.
Solutions can be either liquid, gaseous, or solid, depending on the state of the solute and solvent. For example, a sugar solution is a mixture of sugar dissolved in water, where the water is the solvent and the sugar is the solute. A gaseous solution is a mixture of gases, such as air, which is a mixture of nitrogen, oxygen, and other gases.
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Please help me with these questions!!
Large particles usually get smaller as a result of surface reactions. Both heating and freezing effects of tiny particles on the climate are seen.
Weathering can be classified as either physical or chemical. There is a wide variety in soil particle size due to variations in weathering processes.The overall surface area increases when the size is reduced more. This is significant since most chemical changes start at an object's surface.
The Earth's materials are the four major elements that make up the earth's crust. The earth is made up of minerals, rocks, soil, and water. Earth materials include the necessary building components for life, agriculture, and industry.
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Have you ever tried eating delicious delicacies served in your school canteen during recess time? Have you ever thought of how these foods were prepared in such a way that various ingredients were mixed to make it delicious and healthy? The combination of several components or elements produce a useful end product that can be utilized and consumed for our advantage.
Yes, I have tried eating delicious delicacies served in the school canteen during recess time.
The food that is served in the school canteen is either cooked or in raw form.For example, I ate a vegetable sandwich and a banana smoothie for lunch. Cucumber and tomato are the sandwich's ingredients. We had bread, butter, salt, cheese, and cabbage. Bananas, milk, and sugar are all components of the banana milkshake. the cucumber has vitamin C. While tomatoes also contain vitamin C, cheese has lipids, and Banana has carbohydrates and these all components are good for health.Energy is what carbs are mostly used for, but they also aid to control blood sugar levels. While proteins are the building blocks of the body, stable lipids primarily aid in the storage of energy and the communication of information to cell membranes.The combination of these components in food produces different end products like vitamins, minerals, and many other nutrients which are beneficial for a healthy body.
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Tell or describe your observations of the pollution:
Pollution is a significant environmental issue that affects various aspects of our planet.
Here are some general observations and descriptions of different types of pollution:
Air Pollution: Air pollution refers to the contamination of the air by harmful substances, such as particulate matter, gases (e.g., nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide), and volatile organic compounds. Common sources include industrial emissions, vehicle exhaust, burning of fossil fuels, and agricultural activities. Air pollution is often visible as smog or haze, and it can have detrimental effects on human health, ecosystems, and climate.
Water Pollution: Water pollution occurs when pollutants enter bodies of water, including rivers, lakes, oceans, and groundwater. It can result from industrial waste discharge, sewage contamination, oil spills, agricultural runoff, and improper disposal of chemicals. Water pollution can lead to the depletion of oxygen levels, the loss of biodiversity, and the contamination of drinking water sources, impacting both aquatic life and human communities.
Soil Pollution: Soil pollution refers to the degradation of soil quality due to the presence of harmful substances. It can occur through the accumulation of industrial waste, agricultural chemicals (e.g., pesticides, fertilizers), mining activities, and improper waste disposal. Soil pollution can affect plant growth, contaminate food crops, and pose risks to ecosystems and human health.
Noise Pollution: Noise pollution is the excessive or disturbing noise that disrupts the environment and causes discomfort or harm to humans and wildlife. Sources of noise pollution include transportation (e.g., road traffic, airplanes), industrial activities, construction sites, and recreational activities. Prolonged exposure to high levels of noise can lead to hearing loss, stress, and other health issues.
Light Pollution: Light pollution refers to the excessive or misdirected artificial light that brightens the night sky and disrupts natural light patterns. It is primarily caused by streetlights, outdoor advertising, and excessive illumination of buildings. Light pollution can have adverse effects on ecosystems, disrupting wildlife behavior, and obscuring our view of stars and other celestial objects.
These are just a few examples of pollution types and their general impacts. It's important to note that the specific observations and severity of pollution can vary significantly depending on geographical location, industrial activities, local regulations, and the level of environmental awareness and action taken by communities and governments.
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What is the name of the building block/ monomer of your macromolecule?
Answer: monomers
Explanation: Most macromolecules are made from single subunits, or building blocks, called monomers. The monomers combine with each other using covalent bonds to form larger molecules known as polymers.
"how much more acid did cameron use in the second experiment?how much more acid did cameron use in the second experiment?"
In order to determine how much more acid Cameron used in the second experiment:
If you have the amounts of acid used in both experiments, you can subtract the amount used in the first experiment from the amount used in the second experiment to find the difference.
For example, if Cameron used 100 ml of acid in the first experiment and 200 ml of acid in the second experiment, the difference would be 200 ml - 100 ml = 100 ml.
To calculate the difference, use the formula:
Difference = Amount in the second experiment - Amount in the first experiment.
Replace the "Amount in the second experiment" and "Amount in the first experiment" with the actual values you have.
Remember to provide the specific values of acid used in both experiments to determine the exact difference.
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An isotope of an element has a different number of _____.
neutrons
protons
electrons
I believe that the answer is
A) Neutrons
I hope this helps you ^-^
Answer:
neutrons
Explanation:
4/9
8. During a winter visit to Michigan, you decide to buy a Helium balloon for a friend's birthday. The temperature inside
the store iS 60 C. The balloon has 249 moles of He and a volume of 0.5L. After arriving to your car, where it is -6.6 C,
what is the new volume of the balloon and what is the explanation of what has happened to your balloon?
The new volume of the balloon is 0.57 L. The temperature inside the store where you bought the helium balloon was 60°C which is equal to 333K. The volume of the balloon at this temperature was 0.5L. When you took the balloon to your car, the temperature dropped to -6.6°C which is equal to 266.5K. The volume of the balloon at this temperature can be calculated using the combined gas law which states that PV/T = constant.
Initial pressure and moles of helium are the same so we can write:
P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2
Substituting the values, we get:
P1 = P2 (since the pressure is the same)
V1 = 0.5 L
T1 = 333 K
T2 = 266.5 K
So, we can calculate V2 as:
V2 = V1 x T2/T1
V2 = 0.5 x 266.5/333
V2 = 0.57 L
Therefore, the new volume of the balloon is 0.57 L. The decrease in temperature caused the gas particles inside the balloon to lose kinetic energy and move slower, which in turn decreased the pressure inside the balloon. This caused the volume of the balloon to increase, in order to maintain the constant pressure and number of moles of helium inside.
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A student argued that there is less gravity on the Moon than on Earth. The student explained, "You need an atmosphere to have gravity. The Moon doesn't have an atmosphere and therefore doesn't have a lot of gravity. Earth has a thick atmosphere and therefore has much more gravity." What do you think about the student's claim?
A. The student is correct because the atmosphere is what creates the gravitational pull on Earth
B. The student is correct because the mass of the object determines how thick the atmosphere will be
c. The student is incorrect because gravity is determined by the mass of the object and not the atmosphere
D. The student is incorrect because the thickness of the atmosphere will determine the amount of gravity on the object
Answer:
C
Explanation:
The student is incorrect.
The atmosphere weighs very little compared to the material the earth is made of. Gravity is effected by mass. The more mass, the more gravity. The only correct (and it is totally correct) answer is C
how many atoms are there in an aluminium molecule
Answer:
There are 6.022 × 10²³ atoms in one molecule of aluminium
One mole of any element contains exactly 6.022⋅1023 atoms of that element.
what materials transmits the most light waves?
Answer: what materials transmits the most light waves?
Explanation:
Determine if the compound is molecular or ionic: SiCI2
PLEASE HELP ME RIGHT ANSWERS ONLY!!!!!!! 40 POINTS :)
What does the result table indicate about the solute in this solution
The result table indicate that A. The solute is a SOLID because it has a DECREASE in the amount dissolved as temperature decreases.
What is describes solubility?The solubility of a solid solute in a liquid solvent generally decreases as the temperature decreases. This is because the kinetic energy of the solute molecules decreases as the temperature decreases. As the kinetic energy of the solute molecules decreases, they are less likely to have enough energy to escape from the solution and enter the gas phase.
In the table, as the temperature decreases, the concentration of the solute in the solution decreases. This indicates that the solute is a solid and that the solubility of the solute decreases as the temperature decreases.
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What includes almost 80% of the elements
Answer:
Metals
Explanation:
If you look on the periodic table metals are the most abundant.
Which part of this weak acid titration, would it be appropriate to predict/calculate the pH using an ICE table and K?
To predict/calculate the pH of a weak acid titration using an ICE table and K, you would typically use the equilibrium point of the titration when the weak acid is partially neutralized by a strong base.
The solution contains a mixture of the weak acid and its conjugate base, and you can use the acid dissociation constant (K_a) of the weak acid to calculate the pH.
To set up the ICE table, you would first write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between the weak acid and the strong base. For example, if the weak acid is acetic acid (CH3COOH) and the strong base is sodium hydroxide (NaOH), the reaction would be:
CH3COOH + NaOH → CH3COONa + H2O
Next, you would write the equilibrium expression for the dissociation of the weak acid:
K_a = [CH3COO-][H3O+]/[CH3COOH]
Then, you would set up the ICE table to determine the equilibrium concentrations of the species in the reaction mixture. The ICE table would look like this:
CH3COOH NaOH CH3COONa H2O
Initial [HA] [OH-] 0 0
Change -x -x +x +x
Equil. [HA]-x 0 x x
In this table, [HA] represents the initial concentration of the weak acid, [OH-] represents the concentration of the strong base added, [CH3COO-] represents thez of the conjugate base of the weak acid formed, and [H3O+] represents the concentration of hydronium ions formed by the partial dissociation of the weak acid.
From the ICE table, you can determine the equilibrium concentration of hydronium ions ([H3O+]) by using the equilibrium expression for K_a and solving for [H3O+]. Once you have calculated the concentration of [H3O+], you can use the pH formula (-log[H3O+]) to find the pH of the solution at the equilibrium point of the titration.
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State the type of regulation described in each of the following, choosing from the following terms you'll have to know the terms on your own for the quiz and exam): competitive mbition, noncompetitive inhibition (negative allosteric regulation), irreversible inhibition Positive allosteric regulation, zymogen activation, phosphorylation, genetic regulation, feedback control a) a substance other than the substrate binds to the enzyme increasing activity b) inhibition can be reversed by adding more substrate competitive inhibition c) gene transcription for the enzyme only occurs under certain conditions d) a bond is broken partway down the polypeptide, activating the enzyme e) an enzyme involved in making nucleotides is inactive when (ATP) is high
In enzymatic regulation, different mechanisms can control enzyme activity. Positive allosteric regulation occurs when a substance binds to the enzyme and enhances its activity by inducing a conformational change.
Competitive inhibition happens when an inhibitor molecule competes with the substrate for the active site, and this inhibition can be reversed by adding more substrate.
Genetic regulation involves controlling enzyme production by regulating gene transcription.
In this case, the gene responsible for coding the enzyme is transcribed selectively, resulting in enzyme synthesis only under specific conditions or signals.
These regulatory mechanisms play crucial roles in modulating enzyme activity and ensuring appropriate enzyme function in response to cellular or organismal needs.
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a) Positive allosteric regulationa conformational change in the enzyme, enhancing its catalytic activity.
b) Competitive inhibition it outcompetes the inhibitor for binding to the active site.
c) Genetic regulation signaling molecules, or specific cellular states.
d) Zymogen activation is only activated when needed, preventing unnecessary activity.
e) Feedback control the end product and regulating the flux through the metabolic pathway.
a) Positive allosteric regulation: In this type of regulation, a substance other than the substrate binds to the enzyme, leading to an increase in its activity. This binding occurs at a site other than the active site and induces a conformational change in the enzyme, enhancing its catalytic activity.
b) Competitive inhibition: This type of regulation occurs when a molecule competes with the substrate for binding to the active site of an enzyme. The inhibitor molecule and the substrate have similar structural features, and the inhibition can be reversed by adding more substrate, as it outcompetes the inhibitor for binding to the active site.
c) Genetic regulation: This refers to the regulation of gene transcription, where the production of the enzyme is controlled by specific conditions. Gene transcription for the enzyme only occurs under certain conditions, which can be influenced by factors such as environmental cues, signaling molecules, or specific cellular states.
d) Zymogen activation: Some enzymes are initially synthesized in an inactive form called zymogen or proenzyme. Activation occurs when a specific bond within the polypeptide chain is broken, resulting in the structural rearrangement and activation of the enzyme. This mechanism ensures that the enzyme is only activated when needed, preventing unnecessary activity.
e) Feedback control: Enzymes involved in metabolic pathways are often regulated by feedback control. In this type of regulation, the end product of a pathway acts as an inhibitor, typically binding to an allosteric site on the enzyme, when its concentration is high. This inhibitory feedback helps maintain homeostasis by preventing overproduction of the end product and regulating the flux through the metabolic pathway.
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Which of the following will increase the rate of a chemical reaction?
OA.
decreasing the experimental temperature
OB.
increasing the surface area of the reactants
OC.
decreasing the concentration of the reactants
D.
all of these
Answer:
answer is b
Explanation:
Which economical systems do you most agree with and why
Answer:
be specific it's too little information
Why ions move and in which direction they move in the presence of an electric field created between two electrodes having opposite charges
Answer and Explanation:
In an electric field generated between two electrodes there is a separation of charges: a negatively charged electrode called cathode and a positively charged electrode called anode. Ions are charged particles, so they can be positive or negative charges. Opposite charges attract each other. So, the cathode - negatively charged - attracts positively charged particles. On the other hand, the anode - positively charged - attracts negatively charged particles.
Therefore, positive ions move towards the cathode and negative ions move towards the anode.
How many moles are in 4.78 * 10 ^ 24 molecules of hydrogen peroxide, H2O2
Answer:
7.94 molesExplanation:
To find the number of moles in a substance given it's number of entities we use the formula
\(n = \frac{N}{L} \\\)
where n is the number of moles
N is the number of entities
L is the Avogadro's constant which is
6.02 × 10²³ entities
From the question we have
\(n = \frac{4.78 \times {10}^{24} }{6.02 \times {10}^{23} } \\ =7.940199...\)
We have the final answer as
7.94 molesHope this helps you
Conduct research to examine the following factors regarding the storage of nuclear waste.
the costs, risks, and benefits to building a nuclear waste storage facility beneath Yucca Mountain
the costs, risks, and benefits to building a nuclear waste storage facility somewhere else
the costs, risks, and benefits of not building a nuclear waste storage facility at all
Based on the data you have compiled, propose an appropriate solution to this problem. Use your data to support your position on the issue.
In order to reduce the risk of radiation exposure to individuals and environmental contamination, radioactive wastes are kept. The wastes' radioactivity decreases over time.
What are the biggest problems with keeping radioactive waste in storage for a long time?Large steel and concrete barrels that contain the garbage are typically properly sealed, although accidents and leaks can still happen. Cancerous growths can result from the severe negative impacts of nuclear waste on life.
How is radioactive waste stored?Currently, dry casks are used to store all of the nuclear waste that a power plant produces over the course of its lifetime. Since 1987, Yucca Mountain in Nevada has been intended as a permanent disposal location for spent nuclear material.
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if you make measurements of the particle's energy, what possible values could you measure?
The possible values you could measure for a particle's energy depend on the specific system and context. In quantum mechanics, the energy of a particle is quantized, meaning it can only take on certain discrete values rather than any arbitrary value.
For a particle confined within a potential well or bound within an atom or molecule, the energy levels are quantized, and the particle can only have certain specific energy values. The allowed energy values depend on the particular system and are determined by the solution of the Schrödinger equation.
In other cases, such as free particles with no potential confinement, the energy can be continuous and take on a range of values. For example, in classical mechanics, the kinetic energy of a free particle can vary continuously, depending on its speed.
In summary, the possible values you could measure for a particle's energy depend on whether the system is quantum or classical, and if it is quantum, it depends on the specific quantum system and its energy level structure.
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Give the formula for the compound formed when magnesium oxide reacts with water. Express your answer as a chemical formula.
The compound formed when magnesium oxide reacts with water is magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)₂).
Magnesium oxide (MgO) is an ionic compound consisting of magnesium cations (Mg²⁺) and oxide anions (O²⁻). When it reacts with water (H₂O), the oxygen atom in water attracts the magnesium cation, leading to the formation of magnesium hydroxide.
The reaction can be represented as follows:
MgO + H₂O → Mg(OH)₂
In the resulting compound, magnesium hydroxide, there are two hydroxide ions (OH-) for every magnesium ion (Mg²⁺). The chemical formula Mg(OH)₂ represents this ratio.
Magnesium hydroxide is an alkaline compound and is commonly used as an antacid to treat heartburn and indigestion. It is also used in various industrial applications.
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Air is cooling at night. The frost point (temperature at which RH with respect to ice reaches 100%) is reached at T = -10 degree Celsius. a) What is the RH (normal RH with respect to liquid water) at this point? b) Upon further cooling the air reaches a temperature of T =-11 degree Celsius Kaolinite particles of 200 nm diameter are present. Do you expect ice particles to form? If yes, do they form via deposition nucleation or condensation of droplets followed by freezing? Briefly explain your answer. c) Upon even further cooling the air reaches a temperature of T = -12 degree Celsius. Same question as before: Do you expect ice particles to form now? If yes, do they form via deposition nucleation or condensation of droplets followed by freezing? Briefly explain your answer. Equilibrium vapor pressures may be calculated or taken from the table below. t/°C 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9 - 10 -11 -12 -13 T/ Keow /Pa 273.15 611.2 272.15 568.2 271.15 527.9 270.15 490.2 269.15 454.8 268.15 421.8 267.15 390.9 266.15 362.1 265.15 335.1 264.15 310.0 263.15 286.5 262.15 264.7 261.15 244.3 260.15 225.4 259.15 207.8 258.15 191.4 e oi/Pa 611.2 562.7 517.7 476.1 437.5 401.8 368.7 338.2 310.0 283.9 259.9 237.7 217.3 198.5 181.2 165.3 - 14 - 15 Equilibrium vapor pressures with respect to water (eow) and with respect to ice (coi).
The equilibrium vapor pressure with respect to water (eow) is 259.9 Pa. assume that saturation vapor pressure is same as equilibrium vapor pressure.
Therefore, the RH at the frost point is
RH = (eow / saturation vapor pressure) × 100
= (259.9 Pa / 259.9 Pa) × 100
= 100%
b) At T = -11 °C, we need to compare the equilibrium vapor pressure with respect to water (eow) and the equilibrium vapor pressure with respect to ice (coi) to determine if ice particles will form. From the given table, at T = -11 °C, the equilibrium vapor pressure with respect to water (eow) is 237.7 Pa, and the equilibrium vapor pressure with respect to ice (coi) is 165.3 Pa.
The air is supersaturated with respect to ice, and the presence of Kaolinite particles can provide surfaces for water droplets to condense onto, leading to the formation of ice particles.
c) At T = -12 °C, we compare the equilibrium vapor pressure with respect to water (eow) and the equilibrium vapor pressure with respect to ice (coi). From the given table, at T = -12 °C, the equilibrium vapor pressure with respect to water (eow) is 217.3 Pa, and the equilibrium vapor pressure with respect to ice (coi) is 181.2 Pa.
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